根据胎龄和一天中的时间分析人乳中褪黑素浓度及抗氧化能力

Melatonin Concentrations and Antioxidative Capacity of Human Breast Milk According to Gestational Age and the Time of Day.

作者信息

Katzer David, Pauli Lisa, Mueller Andreas, Reutter Heiko, Reinsberg Jochen, Fimmers Rolf, Bartmann Peter, Bagci Soyhan

机构信息

1 Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

2 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

出版信息

J Hum Lact. 2016 Nov;32(4):NP105-NP110. doi: 10.1177/0890334415625217. Epub 2016 Jul 10.

DOI:10.1177/0890334415625217

PMID:27121237

Abstract

BACKGROUND

While changes in the composition of breast milk throughout the lactation period are well known, little is known about the antioxidative capacity of breast milk and its regulation as a function of time of day.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative capacity in breast milk and its regulation by time of day.

METHODS

Melatonin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3) concentrations, and the total antioxidative capacity (TAOC) were analyzed in 105 breast milk samples and 12 maternal serum samples from 21 healthy nursing mothers.

RESULTS

Comparison between daytime breast milk (collected from 1000-2200 h) and nighttime breast milk (collected from 2200-1000 h) revealed significantly higher concentrations of melatonin and Gpx3 in nighttime milk (melatonin: 1.5 pg/mL [1.0-2.1] day vs 7.3 pg/mL [3.8-13.6] night, median [quartiles], with an estimated mean night-to-day ratio of 5.2 [3.9, 7.1], P < .001; Gpx3: 1436 ng/mL [765-2060] day vs 1800 ng/mL [1242-2297] night, night-to-day difference 192.1 [0.6, 383.7], P = .049). Subgroup analysis showed that melatonin had a circadian rhythm in both preterm and term milk, with a significantly higher nighttime concentration ( P < .001), while antioxidant enzymes had a circadian rhythm only in preterm milk, with a significantly higher nighttime concentration for Gpx3 and a significant higher daytime concentration for SOD and TAOC ( P = .041 and P = .049, respectively). We found no significant correlation between the concentration of melatonin and the concentration of SOD, Gpx3, or TAOC. Moreover, there were no significant correlations observed between gestational age and the concentration of melatonin and antioxidant enzymes.

CONCLUSION

Because of its higher melatonin and Gpx3 content, future research is needed to determine if preterm nighttime milk ought to be the first choice in the feeding of high-risk preterm infants.

摘要

背景

虽然整个哺乳期母乳成分的变化已为人熟知，但关于母乳的抗氧化能力及其随一天中不同时间的调节情况却知之甚少。

目的

本研究旨在评估母乳中的抗氧化能力及其随一天中不同时间的调节情况。

方法

对21名健康哺乳期母亲的105份母乳样本和12份母体血清样本进行褪黑素、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶3（Gpx3）浓度及总抗氧化能力（TAOC）分析。

结果

日间母乳（采集时间为10:00 - 22:00）与夜间母乳（采集时间为22:00 - 10:00）的比较显示，夜间母乳中褪黑素和Gpx3浓度显著更高（褪黑素：日间1.5 pg/mL [1.0 - 2.1]，夜间7.3 pg/mL [3.8 - 13.6]，中位数[四分位数]，估计夜间与日间比值为5.2 [3.9, 7.1]，P < 0.001；Gpx3：日间1436 ng/mL [765 - 2060]，夜间1800 ng/mL [1242 - 2297]，夜间与日间差值192.1 [0.6, 383.7]，P = 0.049）。亚组分析表明，早产母乳和足月母乳中的褪黑素均有昼夜节律，夜间浓度显著更高（P < 0.001），而抗氧化酶仅在早产母乳中有昼夜节律，Gpx3夜间浓度显著更高，SOD和TAOC日间浓度显著更高（分别为P = 0.041和P = 0.049）。我们发现褪黑素浓度与SOD、Gpx3或TAOC浓度之间无显著相关性。此外，胎龄与褪黑素及抗氧化酶浓度之间也未观察到显著相关性。