Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Nutrients. 2024 Oct 6;16(19):3396. doi: 10.3390/nu16193396.
The aim of this study was to compare cortisol concentrations, nutritional composition, and the antioxidant status of human milk of women living in Bydgoszcz (Poland), taking into account maternal factors (fertility, area of residence, economic activity, and breastfeeding period).
The basic composition of human milk was evaluated using the MIRIS HMA analyzer. The level of cortisol was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent method. In order to determine the antioxidant activity, the DPPH radical method was used.
It was observed that the concentration of cortisol in human milk in the group of women living in the city center was higher compared to the milk of women living on the outskirts of the city. In the group of women breastfeeding from 3 to 5 weeks after childbirth, the concentration of cortisol in milk was higher compared to the group of women breastfeeding less than 12 months of age and compared to the group of women lactating over 12 months of age. The antioxidant status of human milk was highest in the group of professionally active women and in the group of breastfeeding women from 3 to 5 weeks after childbirth. The basic composition and the caloric value of human milk differed statistically significantly in the study groups.
Based on this study, it can be concluded that the composition and antioxidant status of human milk depends on maternal factors (fertility, professional activity, area of residence, and breastfeeding period). Higher cortisol concentrations in breast milk are probably determined by the area of residence (city center and associated higher noise/sound and stress levels) and lactation period (hormonal imbalance, fatigue, and postpartum period). Milk from economically active women shows greater protection against reactive oxygen species compared to milk from inactive women, protecting against the occurrence of diseases of civilization. Milk from breastfeeding women over 12 months of age also shows protection against reactive oxygen species, despite the fact that the highest level of antioxidant status of human milk occurs in the initial period of lactation.
本研究旨在比较生活在比得哥什（波兰）的女性的皮质醇浓度、营养成分和人乳的抗氧化状态，并考虑到产妇因素（生育能力、居住区域、经济活动和哺乳阶段）。
使用 MIRIS HMA 分析仪评估人乳的基本成分。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定皮质醇水平。为了测定抗氧化活性，使用 DPPH 自由基法。
研究发现，市中心生活女性的人乳中皮质醇浓度高于城市郊区生活女性的人乳。在产后 3 至 5 周哺乳的女性组中，人乳中皮质醇的浓度高于哺乳期不到 12 个月的女性组，也高于哺乳期超过 12 个月的女性组。职业活跃的女性组和产后 3 至 5 周哺乳的女性组的人乳抗氧化状态最高。人乳的基本成分和热量值在研究组中存在统计学差异。
基于本研究，可以得出结论，人乳的组成和抗氧化状态取决于产妇因素（生育能力、职业活动、居住区域和哺乳阶段）。人乳中皮质醇浓度较高可能是由居住区域（市中心和相关的较高噪声/声音和压力水平）和哺乳阶段（激素失衡、疲劳和产后阶段）决定的。与不活跃的女性相比，经济活跃的女性的乳汁显示出对活性氧物质更大的保护作用，从而预防文明病的发生。尽管人乳的抗氧化状态最高发生在初始哺乳阶段，但哺乳期超过 12 个月的女性的乳汁也显示出对活性氧物质的保护作用。
