Hansen Karolina, Dovidio John F
Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw.
Department of Psychology, Yale University.
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2016 Oct;22(4):544-551. doi: 10.1037/cdp0000101. Epub 2016 Apr 28.
Discrimination against nonnative speakers is widespread and largely socially acceptable. Nonnative speakers are evaluated negatively because accent is a sign that they belong to an outgroup and because understanding their speech requires unusual effort from listeners. The present research investigated intergroup bias, based on stronger support for hierarchical relations between groups (social dominance orientation [SDO]), as a predictor of hiring recommendations of nonnative speakers.
In an online experiment using an adaptation of the thin-slices methodology, 65 U.S. adults (54% women; 80% White; Mage = 35.91, range = 18-67) heard a recording of a job applicant speaking with an Asian (Mandarin Chinese) or a Latino (Spanish) accent. Participants indicated how likely they would be to recommend hiring the speaker, answered questions about the text, and indicated how difficult it was to understand the applicant.
Independent of objective comprehension, participants high in SDO reported that it was more difficult to understand a Latino speaker than an Asian speaker. SDO predicted hiring recommendations of the speakers, but this relationship was mediated by the perception that nonnative speakers were difficult to understand. This effect was stronger for speakers from lower status groups (Latinos relative to Asians) and was not related to objective comprehension.
These findings suggest a cycle of prejudice toward nonnative speakers: Not only do perceptions of difficulty in understanding cause prejudice toward them, but also prejudice toward low-status groups can lead to perceived difficulty in understanding members of these groups. (PsycINFO Database Record
对外语非母语者的歧视普遍存在，且在很大程度上被社会所接受。非母语者受到负面评价，是因为口音表明他们属于外群体，还因为听众需要付出额外努力才能理解他们的话语。本研究基于对群体间等级关系更强的支持（社会支配取向[SDO]），调查了群体间偏见作为非母语者招聘推荐预测因素的情况。
在一项采用薄片法改编的在线实验中，65名美国成年人（54%为女性；80%为白人；年龄中位数=35.91岁，范围=18 - 67岁）收听了一名求职者带有亚洲（普通话）或拉丁裔（西班牙语）口音的录音。参与者表示他们推荐雇佣该求职者的可能性，回答有关文本的问题，并表明理解求职者有多困难。
与客观理解无关，SDO得分高的参与者报告说，理解带有拉丁裔口音的说话者比理解带有亚洲口音的说话者更困难。SDO预测了对说话者的招聘推荐，但这种关系是由认为非母语者难以理解所介导的。对于来自地位较低群体的说话者（相对于亚洲人的拉丁裔），这种影响更强，且与客观理解无关。
这些发现表明了对外语非母语者的偏见循环：不仅理解困难的认知会导致对他们的偏见，而且对低地位群体的偏见也会导致对这些群体成员理解困难的认知。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》
