Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):220-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9713.
Existing research depicts intergroup prejudices as deeply ingrained, requiring intense intervention to lastingly reduce. Here, we show that a single approximately 10-minute conversation encouraging actively taking the perspective of others can markedly reduce prejudice for at least 3 months. We illustrate this potential with a door-to-door canvassing intervention in South Florida targeting antitransgender prejudice. Despite declines in homophobia, transphobia remains pervasive. For the intervention, 56 canvassers went door to door encouraging active perspective-taking with 501 voters at voters' doorsteps. A randomized trial found that these conversations substantially reduced transphobia, with decreases greater than Americans' average decrease in homophobia from 1998 to 2012. These effects persisted for 3 months, and both transgender and nontransgender canvassers were effective. The intervention also increased support for a nondiscrimination law, even after exposing voters to counterarguments.
现有研究表明，群体间的偏见根深蒂固，需要进行强烈的干预才能持久减少。在这里，我们表明，只需进行一次大约 10 分钟的对话，鼓励积极地从他人的角度看问题，就可以显著减少偏见，至少持续 3 个月。我们以南佛罗里达州针对反跨性别偏见的挨家挨户拉票干预为例来说明这种可能性。尽管恐同情绪有所下降，但跨性别恐惧症仍然普遍存在。在干预中，56 名拉票者挨家挨户地与 501 名选民在选民家门口进行积极的换位思考。一项随机试验发现，这些对话大大减少了跨性别恐惧症，减少的幅度大于美国人从 1998 年到 2012 年平均减少的恐同程度。这些效果持续了 3 个月，跨性别和非跨性别拉票者都很有效。该干预措施还增加了对非歧视法的支持，即使在向选民暴露了反对意见之后也是如此。
