植物液泡的分子组成：液泡膜脂质的重要但了解较少的调控及作用
Molecular Composition of Plant Vacuoles: Important but Less Understood Regulations and Roles of Tonoplast Lipids.
作者信息
Zhang Chunhua, Hicks Glenn R, Raikhel Natasha V
机构信息
Center for Plant Cell Biology & Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
出版信息
Plants (Basel). 2015 Jun 11;4(2):320-33. doi: 10.3390/plants4020320.
The vacuole is an essential organelle for plant growth and development. It is the location for the storage of nutrients; such as sugars and proteins; and other metabolic products. Understanding the mechanisms of vacuolar trafficking and molecule transport across the vacuolar membrane is of great importance in understanding basic plant development and cell biology and for crop quality improvement. Proteins play important roles in vacuolar trafficking; such proteins include Rab GTPase signaling proteins; cargo recognition receptors; and SNAREs (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein Receptors) that are involved in membrane fusion. Some vacuole membrane proteins also serve as the transporters or channels for transport across the tonoplast. Less understood but critical are the roles of lipids in vacuolar trafficking. In this review, we will first summarize molecular composition of plant vacuoles and we will then discuss our latest understanding on the role of lipids in plant vacuolar trafficking and a surprising connection to ribosome function through the study of ribosomal mutants.
液泡是植物生长发育所必需的细胞器。它是储存营养物质（如糖类和蛋白质）以及其他代谢产物的场所。了解液泡运输机制以及分子跨液泡膜的转运，对于理解植物基本发育和细胞生物学以及改善作物品质至关重要。蛋白质在液泡运输中发挥重要作用；这类蛋白质包括参与膜融合的Rab GTPase信号蛋白、货物识别受体和SNAREs（可溶性N-乙基马来酰胺敏感因子附着蛋白受体）。一些液泡膜蛋白还充当跨液泡膜运输的转运体或通道。脂质在液泡运输中的作用鲜为人知但至关重要。在本综述中，我们将首先总结植物液泡的分子组成，然后讨论我们对脂质在植物液泡运输中的作用的最新认识，以及通过对核糖体突变体的研究发现的与核糖体功能的惊人联系。
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