Zhang Ning, Wen Jun, Zimmer Elizabeth A
Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.
Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2016 Aug;101:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.034. Epub 2016 Apr 29.
Vitales is well-known for including the economically important fruit crop, the wine grape (Vitis vinifera). However, the position of the Vitales in the higher eudicots has been a subject of much debate. It has been variously reported to be sister to the Saxifragales and together as sister to the rest of rosids, or sister to the fabids-malvids clade, or sister to the Santalales, or sister to the fabids-malvids-Saxifragales clade. However, in all of these scenarios, the support values for the relationship of Vitales on the phylogenies were only low to moderate. Additionally, all previous studies sampled only Vitis vinifera as the representative of the Vitales. We herein expanded the sampling of the Vitales to include representatives of all major clades of the order, as well as representatives of other key lineages including Saxifragales, Dilleniales, and Santalales. Extensive likelihood and Bayesian analyses were conducted to test the position of Vitales, using different numbers of genes, a variety of partitioning strategies, and both nucleotide and amino acid sequences. With the expanded sampling strategy, almost all analyses supported the relationship of Vitales as sister to Saxifragales. This relationship was supported in a 72-gene data set with a bootstrap value of 91%, the highest support value reported to date. Based on this topology, we discuss possible morphological synapomorphies shared between Vitales and Saxifragales. Furthermore, a hypothesis of reticulate evolution was postulated as an explanation for the incongruence of Vitales' position when comparing plastid and nuclear gene phylogenies.
葡萄目以包含具有重要经济价值的水果作物酿酒葡萄（欧亚葡萄）而闻名。然而，葡萄目在真双子叶植物中的位置一直是众多争论的焦点。它曾被报道为虎耳草目的姐妹群，并与蔷薇类植物的其他类群一起构成姐妹群，或者是豆科-锦葵科分支的姐妹群，或者是檀香目的姐妹群，又或者是豆科-锦葵科-虎耳草目分支的姐妹群。然而，在所有这些情况下，系统发育树上葡萄目关系的支持值仅为低到中等。此外，所有先前的研究仅以欧亚葡萄作为葡萄目的代表进行采样。我们在此扩大了葡萄目的采样范围，纳入了该目所有主要分支的代表，以及包括虎耳草目、第伦桃目和檀香目在内的其他关键谱系的代表。我们进行了广泛的似然性分析和贝叶斯分析，以检验葡萄目的位置，使用了不同数量的基因、多种分区策略以及核苷酸和氨基酸序列。采用扩大后的采样策略，几乎所有分析都支持葡萄目作为虎耳草目姐妹群的关系。在一个包含72个基因的数据集里，这种关系得到了支持，自展值为91%，这是迄今为止报道的最高支持值。基于这种拓扑结构，我们讨论了葡萄目和虎耳草目之间可能共有的形态共衍征。此外，我们提出了一个网状进化假说，以解释在比较质体和核基因系统发育时葡萄目位置不一致的现象。
