Liu Xiu-Qun, Ickert-Bond Stefanie M, Nie Ze-Long, Zhou Zhuo, Chen Long-Qing, Wen Jun
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
UA Museum of the North Herbarium and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6960, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2016 Feb;95:217-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.013. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
The grapes and the close allies in Vitaceae are of great agronomic and economic importance. Our previous studies showed that the grape genus Vitis was closely related to three tropical genera, which formed the Ampelocissus-Vitis clade (including Vitis, Ampelocissus, Nothocissus and Pterisanthes). Yet the phylogenetic relationships of the four genera within this clade remain poorly resolved. Furthermore, the geographic origin of Vitis is still controversial, because the sampling of the close relatives of Vitis was too limited in the previous studies. This study reconstructs the phylogenetic relationships within the clade, and hypothesizes the origin of Vitis in a broader phylogenetic framework, using five plastid and two nuclear markers. The Ampelocissus-Vitis clade is supported to be composed of five main lineages. Vitis includes two described subgenera each as a monophyletic group. Ampelocissus is paraphyletic. The New World Ampelocissus does not form a clade and shows a complex phylogenetic relationship, with A. acapulcensis and A. javalensis forming a clade, and A. erdvendbergiana sister to Vitis. The majority of the Asian Ampelocissus species form a clade, within which Pterisanthes is nested. Pterisanthes is polyphyletic, suggesting that the lamellate inflorescence characteristic of the genus represents convergence. Nothocissus is sister to the clade of Asian Ampelocissus and Pterisanthes. The African Ampelocissus forms a clade with several Asian species. Based on the Bayesian dating and both the RASP and Lagrange analyses, Vitis is inferred to have originated in the New World during the late Eocene (39.4Ma, 95% HPD: 32.6-48.6Ma), then migrated to Eurasia in the late Eocene (37.3Ma, 95% HPD: 30.9-45.1Ma). The North Atlantic land bridges (NALB) are hypothesized to be the most plausible route for the Vitis migration from the New World to Eurasia, while intercontinental long distance dispersal (LDD) cannot be eliminated as a likely mechanism.
葡萄及其葡萄科的近缘类群具有重要的农艺和经济价值。我们之前的研究表明，葡萄属（Vitis）与三个热带属密切相关，它们构成了酸蔹藤属 - 葡萄属分支（包括葡萄属、酸蔹藤属、拟酸蔹藤属和翼枝酸蔹藤属）。然而，该分支内四个属的系统发育关系仍未得到很好的解析。此外，葡萄属的地理起源仍存在争议，因为在之前的研究中葡萄属近缘类群的取样过于有限。本研究利用五个质体和两个核标记重建了该分支内的系统发育关系，并在更广泛的系统发育框架中推测了葡萄属的起源。酸蔹藤属 - 葡萄属分支被支持由五个主要支系组成。葡萄属包括两个已描述的亚属，每个亚属都是一个单系类群。酸蔹藤属是并系的。新大陆酸蔹藤属不形成一个分支，显示出复杂的系统发育关系，其中阿卡普尔科酸蔹藤（A. acapulcensis）和爪哇酸蔹藤（A. javalensis）形成一个分支，而埃尔德温德贝格酸蔹藤（A. erdvendbergiana）是葡萄属的姐妹类群。大多数亚洲酸蔹藤属物种形成一个分支，翼枝酸蔹藤属嵌套在其中。翼枝酸蔹藤属是多系的，这表明该属的片状花序特征代表趋同进化。拟酸蔹藤属是亚洲酸蔹藤属和翼枝酸蔹藤属分支的姐妹类群。非洲酸蔹藤属与几个亚洲物种形成一个分支。基于贝叶斯定年以及RASP和拉格朗日分析，推断葡萄属在始新世晚期（3940万年前，95%最高后验密度区间：3260 - 4860万年前）起源于新大陆，然后在始新世晚期（3730万年前，95%最高后验密度区间：3090 - 4510万年前）迁移到欧亚大陆。北大西洋陆桥被假定为葡萄属从新大陆迁移到欧亚大陆最合理的路线，而洲际远距离扩散作为一种可能的机制也不能被排除。
