Lee Kyung A, Palipudi Krishna M, English Lorna M, Ramanandraibe Nivo, Asma Samira
Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Northrop Grumman Information Systems, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Prev Med. 2016 Oct;91S:S2-S8. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.04.017. Epub 2016 Apr 30.
Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) causes premature death and illness in non-smokers. We examined SHS exposure at home and in public places, as well as susceptibility to initiate cigarette smoking among never cigarette smokers. We used 2006-2011 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data from 29 African countries (56,967 students).
GYTS is a nationally representative, self-administered school-based survey, conducted among students aged 13-15years. Prevalence ratio, estimates and 95% confidence intervals were computed for SHS exposure in the homes and public places separately. The two-sample t-test was used to assess the difference in susceptibility to smoking by SHS exposure among never-smoking students (α=0.05).
Among never-smoking students, exposure to SHS at home ranged from 12.7% (Cape Verde) to 44.0% (Senegal). The prevalence ratio (PR) comparing susceptibility to smoking initiation among never smokers exposed to SHS at home to those who were not exposed at home ranged from 1.2 to 2.6. Exposure to SHS in public places ranged from 23.9% (Cape Verde) to 80.4% (Mali). Of the countries being studied, 8 countries showed a significant difference in susceptibility to smoking initiation among never smokers exposed to SHS in public places compared to those not exposed in public places. (PR ranged from 0.5-3.5).
In many African countries in the study, a substantial proportion of students who never smoked are exposed to SHS at home and in public places. Majority of never smokers who were exposed to SHS at home and in public places had a higher prevalence of susceptibility to initiate smoking than those that were not exposed to SHS at home and in public places. Adoption and enforcement of smoke-free policies in public places and smoke-free rules at home could substantially contribute to reducing SHS exposure in many of these countries.
接触二手烟会导致非吸烟者过早死亡和患病。我们调查了在家中和公共场所接触二手烟的情况，以及从不吸烟的人开始吸烟的易感性。我们使用了2006 - 2011年来自29个非洲国家（56967名学生）的全球青少年烟草调查（GYTS）数据。
GYTS是一项具有全国代表性的、学生自行填写的学校调查，对象为13 - 15岁的学生。分别计算家中和公共场所二手烟暴露的患病率、估计值和95%置信区间。采用两样本t检验评估从不吸烟的学生中因接触二手烟而导致吸烟易感性的差异（α = 0.05）。
在从不吸烟的学生中，家中接触二手烟的比例从佛得角的12.7%到塞内加尔的44.0%不等。在家中接触二手烟的从不吸烟者与未接触二手烟的从不吸烟者相比，开始吸烟易感性的患病率比值（PR）在1.2至2.6之间。公共场所接触二手烟的比例从佛得角的23.9%到马里的80.4%不等。在所研究的国家中，有8个国家显示，在公共场所接触二手烟的从不吸烟者与未接触二手烟的从不吸烟者相比，开始吸烟易感性存在显著差异（PR在0.5 - 3.5之间）。
在该研究中的许多非洲国家，相当一部分从不吸烟的学生在家中和公共场所接触二手烟。在家中和公共场所接触二手烟的从不吸烟者中，大多数开始吸烟易感性的患病率高于未在家中和公共场所接触二手烟的人。在公共场所采用和执行无烟政策以及在家中制定无烟规则，可能会在很大程度上有助于减少这些国家中许多人的二手烟暴露。
