Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Feb;27(6):6033-6041. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07341-x. Epub 2019 Dec 21.
Secondhand smoke (SHS) accounts for 0.9 million deaths and 24 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs) annually. Nearly 30% of adults in India are exposed to SHS in India. To reduce SHS exposure, India enacted a smoke-free law in 2003 under which smoking in public places is banned. However, the compliance to this law has been variable in several assessments in the country. A better understanding of the nature and extent of SHS exposure can help inform better implementation of national smoke-free policies. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) India 2016-17 collects information on the self-reported prevalence of SHS exposure in homes, workplaces, government buildings, restaurants, public transportation and health care facilities among adults (> 15 years of age).The present study utilized the GATS India 2016-17 dataset to provide estimates of SHS exposure among adults in India in homes, workplace and other public places, across gender and age groups and among the overall population and non-smokers. Weighted analysis was carried out. In the overall population, exposure to SHS in the home was 29.2%, more among young females. In workplaces, exposure to SHS was 29.2% overall, significantly higher among males (32.5%) compared to females (17.8%). In public buildings such as health care facilities and government offices, SHS exposure was less with 15.6% and 21.2% respectively. SHS exposure was high in restaurants with 39.3% overall, significantly higher among males (43.2%) compared to females (22.2%). Similar results were also seen among non-smokers. A large proportion of adults in India, both smokers and non-smokers are exposed to SHS in their homes, workplaces and other public places, especially restaurants, workplaces and public transportation. Females are more exposed to SHS at home, whereas males are more exposed in public places including workplaces. High SHS exposure among youths is also a concern. Stricter enforcement of legislation is required to ensure 100% smoke-free homes, public places and workplaces and reduce SHS exposure.
二手烟（SHS）每年导致 90 万人死亡和 2400 万人伤残调整生命年（DALYs）。印度近 30%的成年人在印度暴露于 SHS 下。为了减少 SHS 暴露，印度于 2003 年颁布了一项无烟法律，禁止在公共场所吸烟。然而，在该国的几项评估中，对该法律的遵守情况各不相同。更好地了解 SHS 暴露的性质和程度可以帮助更好地实施国家无烟政策。全球成人烟草调查（GATS）印度 2016-17 收集了关于成年人在家中、工作场所、政府大楼、餐馆、公共交通工具和医疗机构中自我报告的 SHS 暴露率的信息（>15 岁）。本研究利用 GATS 印度 2016-17 数据集，提供了印度成年人在家中、工作场所和其他公共场所、按性别和年龄组以及整个人群和不吸烟者的 SHS 暴露情况的估计。进行了加权分析。在总人口中，家庭中 SHS 的暴露率为 29.2%，年轻女性的暴露率更高。在工作场所，总体 SHS 暴露率为 29.2%，男性（32.5%）明显高于女性（17.8%）。在卫生保健设施和政府办公室等公共建筑中，SHS 暴露率分别为 15.6%和 21.2%。餐馆的 SHS 暴露率较高，总体为 39.3%，男性（43.2%）明显高于女性（22.2%）。不吸烟者也有类似的结果。印度很大一部分成年人，包括吸烟者和不吸烟者，在家中、工作场所和其他公共场所，尤其是餐馆、工作场所和公共交通工具中，都暴露于 SHS 下。女性在家中暴露于 SHS 的情况更为严重，而男性在公共场所，包括工作场所，暴露的情况更为严重。年轻人中 SHS 暴露率高也是一个问题。需要加强执法力度，确保 100%的无烟家庭、公共场所和工作场所，并减少 SHS 暴露。
