DeCelles Katherine A, Norton Michael I
Organizational Behaviour and Human Resource Management Area, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E6;
Marketing Unit, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA 02163.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 May 17;113(20):5588-91. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1521727113. Epub 2016 May 2.
We posit that the modern airplane is a social microcosm of class-based society, and that the increasing incidence of "air rage" can be understood through the lens of inequality. Research on inequality typically examines the effects of relatively fixed, macrostructural forms of inequality, such as socioeconomic status; we examine how temporary exposure to both physical and situational inequality, induced by the design of environments, can foster antisocial behavior. We use a complete set of all onboard air rage incidents over several years from a large, international airline to test our predictions. Physical inequality on airplanes-that is, the presence of a first class cabin-is associated with more frequent air rage incidents in economy class. Situational inequality-boarding from the front (requiring walking through the first class cabin) versus the middle of the plane-also significantly increases the odds of air rage in both economy and first class. We show that physical design that highlights inequality can trigger antisocial behavior on airplanes. More broadly, these results point to the importance of considering the design of environments-from airplanes to office layouts to stadium seating-in understanding both the form and emergence of antisocial behavior.
我们认为，现代飞机是基于阶层的社会的一个社会缩影，“空中暴怒”发生率的不断上升可以通过不平等的视角来理解。对不平等的研究通常考察相对固定的宏观结构形式的不平等的影响，比如社会经济地位；我们研究的是，由环境设计导致的对身体和情境不平等的短暂接触如何助长反社会行为。我们使用一家大型国际航空公司多年来所有机上空中暴怒事件的完整数据集来检验我们的预测。飞机上的身体不平等——即头等舱的存在——与经济舱更频繁的空中暴怒事件相关。情境不平等——从飞机前部登机（需要穿过头等舱）与从飞机中部登机相比——也显著增加了经济舱和头等舱发生空中暴怒的几率。我们表明，突出不平等的物理设计会引发飞机上的反社会行为。更广泛地说，这些结果表明，在理解反社会行为的形式和出现时，考虑从飞机到办公室布局再到体育场馆座位等环境设计的重要性。
