Voss K A, Norred W P, Plattner R D, Bacon C W
Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30613.
Food Chem Toxicol. 1989 Feb;27(2):89-96. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(89)90002-1.
Currently there is no convenient bioassay to determine the potential toxicity of corn naturally contaminated with Fusarium moniliforme. A short-term bioassay would be useful for future investigations aimed at isolating as yet unidentified toxins produced by this fungus. Two groups of five male Sprague-Dawley rats were each fed one of two F. moniliforme contaminated corn samples, designated CS-1 and CS-2, that were associated with separate field cases of equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM). A control group, also consisting of five male rats, was fed uncontaminated seed corn. All animals survived to the end of the study and there were no apparent differences in appearance or behaviour among groups. Weight loss and irregular food consumption occurred in all groups and probably resulted from nutritional deficiencies inherent in the corn diets. Hepatocellular degeneration, necrosis and hyperplasia as well as biliary hyperplasia were found in the test groups only and were attributed to F. moniliforme. Serum transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities in animals fed CS-1 and CS-2 for 4 wk were significantly increased compared with the controls, while serum bilirubin concentration was increased only in the CS-1 group. Tubular nephrosis was also present in the renal cortex of all animals fed CS-1 and CS-2. These effects may have been related to fumonisins B1 and B2, recently discovered metabolites of F. moniliforme, that were found in both CS-1 and CS-2. Short-term studies of this type may be useful in screening naturally-contaminated grains and other materials for hepatotoxic metabolites produced by F. moniliforme.
目前，尚无便捷的生物测定方法来确定自然被串珠镰刀菌污染的玉米的潜在毒性。短期生物测定对于未来旨在分离这种真菌产生的尚未鉴定毒素的研究将是有用的。两组各五只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠分别喂食两种被串珠镰刀菌污染的玉米样品，分别命名为CS-1和CS-2，这两种样品与马脑白质软化症（ELEM）的不同田间病例相关。一个对照组，也由五只雄性大鼠组成，喂食未受污染的种子玉米。所有动物都存活到研究结束，各组之间在外观或行为上没有明显差异。所有组都出现了体重减轻和食物摄入不规律的情况，这可能是由于玉米饮食中固有的营养缺乏所致。仅在试验组中发现了肝细胞变性、坏死和增生以及胆管增生，这些归因于串珠镰刀菌。与对照组相比，喂食CS-1和CS-2四周的动物血清转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著增加，而血清胆红素浓度仅在CS-1组中增加。喂食CS-1和CS-2的所有动物的肾皮质也出现了肾小管坏死。这些影响可能与伏马毒素B1和B2有关，它们是最近发现的串珠镰刀菌的代谢产物，在CS-1和CS-2中都有发现。这种类型的短期研究可能有助于筛选自然污染的谷物和其他材料中串珠镰刀菌产生的肝毒性代谢产物。
