Chen Jing, Papies Esther K, Barsalou Lawrence W
Department of Psychology, Emory University, United States.
Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK; School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK.
Brain Cogn. 2016 Dec;110:20-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.04.004. Epub 2016 May 5.
We propose that a core eating network and its modulations account for much of what is currently known about the neural activity underlying a wide range of eating phenomena in humans (excluding homeostasis and related phenomena). The core eating network is closely adapted from a network that Kaye, Fudge, and Paulus (2009) proposed to explain the neurocircuitry of eating, including a ventral reward pathway and a dorsal control pathway. In a review across multiple literatures that focuses on experiments using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), we first show that neural responses to food cues, such as food pictures, utilize the same core eating network as eating. Consistent with the theoretical perspective of grounded cognition, food cues activate eating simulations that produce reward predictions about a perceived food and potentially motivate its consumption. Reviewing additional literatures, we then illustrate how various factors modulate the core eating network, increasing and/or decreasing activity in subsets of its neural areas. These modulating factors include food significance (palatability, hunger), body mass index (BMI, overweight/obesity), eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating), and various eating goals (losing weight, hedonic pleasure, healthy living). By viewing all these phenomena as modulating a core eating network, it becomes possible to understand how they are related to one another within this common theoretical framework. Finally, we discuss future directions for better establishing the core eating network, its modulations, and their implications for behavior.
我们提出，一个核心进食网络及其调节机制可以解释目前已知的许多关于人类广泛进食现象背后的神经活动（不包括内稳态及相关现象）。核心进食网络是在凯伊、富奇和保卢斯（2009年）提出的用于解释进食神经回路的网络基础上紧密改编而来的，包括一条腹侧奖赏通路和一条背侧控制通路。在一项对多篇文献的综述中，该综述聚焦于使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的实验，我们首先表明，对食物线索（如食物图片）的神经反应与进食利用的是相同的核心进食网络。与具身认知的理论观点一致，食物线索会激活进食模拟，从而对感知到的食物产生奖赏预测，并可能促使其被食用。回顾其他文献，我们接着阐述了各种因素如何调节核心进食网络，增加和/或减少其神经区域子集中的活动。这些调节因素包括食物重要性（适口性、饥饿程度）、体重指数（BMI，超重/肥胖）、进食障碍（神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症、暴饮暴食）以及各种进食目标（减肥、享乐愉悦、健康生活）。通过将所有这些现象视为对核心进食网络的调节，就有可能理解它们在这个共同的理论框架内是如何相互关联的。最后，我们讨论了未来更好地确立核心进食网络、其调节机制及其对行为的影响的方向。
