善终生活：对额外护理住房中生活的现象学分析。
Living well to the end: A phenomenological analysis of life in extra care housing.
作者信息
Shaw Rachel L, West Karen, Hagger Barbara, Holland Carol A
机构信息
School of Life and Health Sciences, Psychology Department, Aston University, Birmingham, UK;
School of Language and Social Sciences, Sociology and Policy Department, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
出版信息
Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2016 May 10;11:31100. doi: 10.3402/qhw.v11.31100. eCollection 2016.
OBJECTIVES
To understand older adults' experiences of moving into extra care housing which offers enrichment activities alongside social and healthcare support.
DESIGN
A longitudinal study was conducted which adopted a phenomenological approach to data generation and analysis.
METHODS
Semi-structured interviews were conducted in the first 18 months of living in extra care housing. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used because its commitment to idiography enabled an in-depth analysis of the subjective lived experience of moving into extra care housing. Themes generated inductively were examined against an existential-phenomenological theory of well-being.
RESULTS
Learning to live in an extra care community showed negotiating new relationships was not straightforward; maintaining friendships outside the community became more difficult as capacity declined. In springboard for opportunity/confinement, living in extra care provided new opportunities for social engagement and a restored sense of self. Over time horizons began to shrink as incapacities grew. Seeking care illustrated reticence to seek care, due to embarrassment and a sense of duty to one's partner. Becoming aged presented an ontological challenge. Nevertheless, some showed a readiness for death, a sense of homecoming.
CONCLUSIONS
An authentic later life was possible but residents required emotional and social support to live through the transition and challenges of becoming aged. Enhancement activities boosted residents' quality of life but the range of activities could be extended to cater better for quieter, smaller scale events within the community; volunteer activity facilitators could be used here. Peer mentoring may help build new relationships and opportunities for interactive stimulation. Acknowledging the importance of feeling-empathic imagination-in caregiving may help staff and residents relate better to each other, thus helping individuals to become ontologically secure and live well to the end.
目的
了解老年人入住提供丰富活动以及社会和医疗支持的额外护理住房的经历。
设计
进行了一项纵向研究，采用现象学方法进行数据生成和分析。
方法
在入住额外护理住房的前18个月进行半结构化访谈。采用解释性现象学分析，因为其对独特性的关注能够深入分析入住额外护理住房的主观生活体验。根据一种关于幸福感的存在主义-现象学理论，对归纳产生的主题进行了审视。
结果
学习在额外护理社区生活表明，建立新关系并非易事；随着身体机能下降，在社区外维持友谊变得更加困难。在机会/限制的跳板方面，住在额外护理住房为社会参与提供了新机会，并恢复了自我意识。随着身体机能衰退，时间视野开始缩小。寻求护理表明，由于尴尬和对伴侣的责任感，人们不愿寻求护理。步入老年带来了本体论上的挑战。然而，一些人表现出对死亡的坦然，一种回归之感。
结论
真实的晚年生活是可能的，但居民在经历变老的过渡和挑战时需要情感和社会支持。增强活动提高了居民的生活质量，但活动范围可以扩大，以更好地满足社区内更安静、规模更小的活动；这里可以使用志愿者活动促进者。同伴指导可能有助于建立新关系和提供互动刺激的机会。认识到情感共情想象在护理中的重要性可能有助于工作人员和居民更好地相互理解，从而帮助个人在本体论上感到安全，并安享晚年。
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