母乳喂养与母亲饮酒：患病率及其对儿童结局和胎儿酒精谱系障碍的影响。
Breastfeeding and maternal alcohol use: Prevalence and effects on child outcomes and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
作者信息
May Philip A, Hasken Julie M, Blankenship Jason, Marais Anna-Susan, Joubert Belinda, Cloete Marise, de Vries Marlene M, Barnard Ronel, Botha Isobel, Roux Sumien, Doms Cate, Gossage J Phillip, Kalberg Wendy O, Buckley David, Robinson Luther K, Adnams Colleen M, Manning Melanie A, Parry Charles D H, Hoyme H Eugene, Tabachnick Barbara, Seedat Soraya
机构信息
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, United States; The University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Addictions, United States; Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, United States.
出版信息
Reprod Toxicol. 2016 Aug;63:13-21. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.05.002. Epub 2016 May 10.
OBJECTIVE
Determine any effects that maternal alcohol consumption during the breastfeeding period has on child outcomes.
METHODS
Population-based samples of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), normally-developing children, and their mothers were analyzed for differences in child outcomes.
RESULTS
Ninety percent (90%) of mothers breastfed for an average of 19.9 months. Of mothers who drank postpartum and breastfed (MDPB), 47% breastfed for 12 months or more. In case control analyses, children of MDPB were significantly lighter, had lower verbal IQ scores, and more anomalies in comparisons controlling for prenatal alcohol exposure and final FASD diagnosis. Utilizing a stepwise logistic regression model adjusting for nine confounders of prenatal drinking and other maternal risks, MDPB were 6.4 times more likely to have a child with FASD than breastfeeding mothers who abstained from alcohol while breastfeeding.
CONCLUSIONS
Alcohol use during the period of breastfeeding was found to significantly compromise a child's development.
目的
确定母乳喂养期间母亲饮酒对儿童发育结果的任何影响。
方法
对患有胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）的儿童、发育正常的儿童及其母亲的基于人群的样本进行分析，以找出儿童发育结果的差异。
结果
90%的母亲进行母乳喂养，平均时长为19.9个月。在产后饮酒且进行母乳喂养的母亲（MDPB）中，47%的人母乳喂养时长达到12个月或更长时间。在病例对照分析中，在控制产前酒精暴露和最终FASD诊断的比较中，MDPB组的儿童体重明显更轻，语言智商得分更低，且有更多异常情况。利用逐步逻辑回归模型对产前饮酒的九个混杂因素和其他母亲风险进行调整后，MDPB组生出患有FASD孩子的可能性是母乳喂养期间戒酒的母亲的6.4倍。
结论
研究发现，母乳喂养期间饮酒会显著损害儿童的发育。
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