Kichukova Tatyana M, Popov Nikolay T, Ivanov Hristo Y, Vachev Tihomir I
Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv
Male Psychiatric Ward, State Psychiatrical Hospital, Pazardzhik
Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2015 Jul-Dec;57(3-4):159-72. doi: 10.1515/folmed-2015-0035.
Neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are a huge burden on society, impairing the health of those affected, as well as their ability to learn and work. Biomarkers that reflect the dysregulations linked to neuropsychiatric diseases may potentially assist the diagnosis of these disorders. Most of these biomarkers are found in the brain tissue, which is not easily accessible. This is the challenge for the search of novel biomarkers that are present in various body fluids, including serum or plasma. As a group of important endogenous small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level, microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in many physiological and pathological processes. Previously, researchers discovered that miRNAs contribute to the neurodevelopment and maturation, including neurite outgrowth, dendritogenesis and dendritic spine formation. These developments underline the significance of miRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosing and prognosing central nervous system diseases. Accumulated evidence indicates that there are considerable differences between the cell-free miRNA expression profiles of healthy subjects and those of patients. Therefore, circulating miRNAs are likely to become a new class of noninvasive, sensitive biomarkers. Despite the fact that little is known about the origin and functions of circulating miRNAs, their essential roles in the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of neuropsychiatric diseases make them attractive biomarkers. In this review we cover the increasing amounts of dataset that have accumulated in the last years on the use of circulating miRNAs and their values as potential biomarkers in most areas of neuropsychiatric diseases.
神经精神疾病，如精神分裂症、双相情感障碍（BD）、重度抑郁症（MDD）和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD），给社会带来了巨大负担，损害了患者的健康以及他们的学习和工作能力。反映与神经精神疾病相关失调的生物标志物可能有助于这些疾病的诊断。这些生物标志物大多存在于不易获取的脑组织中。这是寻找存在于包括血清或血浆在内的各种体液中的新型生物标志物所面临的挑战。作为一组在转录后水平调节基因表达的重要内源性小非编码RNA，微小RNA（miRNA）在许多生理和病理过程中发挥着关键作用。此前，研究人员发现miRNA有助于神经发育和成熟，包括神经突生长、树突形成和树突棘形成。这些进展突显了miRNA作为诊断和预测中枢神经系统疾病潜在生物标志物的重要性。越来越多的证据表明，健康受试者和患者的游离miRNA表达谱存在显著差异。因此，循环miRNA很可能成为一类新的非侵入性、敏感的生物标志物。尽管人们对循环miRNA的起源和功能知之甚少，但它们在神经精神疾病临床诊断和预后中的重要作用使其成为有吸引力的生物标志物。在这篇综述中，我们涵盖了近年来积累的越来越多关于循环miRNA的数据集及其在大多数神经精神疾病领域作为潜在生物标志物的价值。
