McCulloch Richard, Navarro Miguel
The Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davis Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain.
Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2016 Sep-Oct;209(1-2):76-87. doi: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.05.002. Epub 2016 May 12.
The nucleus is arguably the defining characteristic of eukaryotes, distinguishing their cell organisation from both bacteria and archaea. Though the evolutionary history of the nucleus remains the subject of debate, its emergence differs from several other eukaryotic organelles in that it appears not to have evolved through symbiosis, but by cell membrane elaboration from an archaeal ancestor. Evolution of the nucleus has been accompanied by elaboration of nuclear structures that are intimately linked with most aspects of nuclear genome function, including chromosome organisation, DNA maintenance, replication and segregation, and gene expression controls. Here we discuss the complexity of the nucleus and its substructures in protozoan eukaryotes, with a particular emphasis on divergent aspects in eukaryotic parasites, which shed light on nuclear function throughout eukaryotes and reveal specialisations that underpin pathogen biology.
细胞核可以说是真核生物的决定性特征，它将真核生物的细胞组织与细菌和古菌区分开来。尽管细胞核的进化历史仍然是一个有争议的话题，但其出现与其他几种真核细胞器不同，因为它似乎不是通过共生进化而来，而是由古菌祖先的细胞膜演化而来。细胞核的进化伴随着核结构的细化，这些核结构与核基因组功能的大多数方面密切相关，包括染色体组织、DNA维持、复制和分离以及基因表达控制。在这里，我们讨论原生动物真核生物中细胞核及其亚结构的复杂性，特别强调真核寄生虫中的不同方面，这些方面揭示了整个真核生物的核功能，并揭示了支撑病原体生物学的特殊化。
