Alotaibi Abdullah Z, Alghadir Ahmad, Iqbal Zaheen A, Anwer Shahnawaz
Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Apr;28(4):1374-7. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1374. Epub 2016 Apr 28.
[Purpose] The visual system is one of the sensory systems that enables the body to assess and process information about the external environment. In the absence of vision, a blind person loses contact with the outside world and develops faulty motor patterns, which results in postural deficiencies. However, literature regarding the development of such deficiencies is limited. The aim of this study was to discuss the effect of absence of vision on posture, the possible biomechanics behind the resulting postural deficiencies, and strategies to correct and prevent them. [Subjects and Methods] Various electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, and Google scholar were examined using the words "body", "posture", "blind" and "absence of vision". References in the retrieved articles were also examined for cross-references. The search was limited to articles in the English language. [Results] A total of 74 papers were shortlisted for this review, most of which dated back to the 1950s and 60s. [Conclusion] Blind people exhibit consistent musculoskeletal deformities. Absence of vision leads to numerous abnormal sensory and motor interactions that often limit blind people in isolation. Rehabilitation of the blind is a multidisciplinary task. Specialists from different fields need to diagnose and treat the deficiencies of the blind together as a team. Before restoring the normal mechanics of posture and gait, the missing link with the external world should be reestablished.
[目的]视觉系统是使身体能够评估和处理有关外部环境信息的感觉系统之一。失明后，盲人会与外界失去联系，并形成错误的运动模式，从而导致姿势缺陷。然而，关于此类缺陷发展的文献有限。本研究的目的是探讨失明对姿势的影响、导致姿势缺陷的可能生物力学机制以及纠正和预防这些缺陷的策略。[对象与方法]使用“身体”“姿势”“盲人”和“失明”等关键词对包括PubMed、Medline和谷歌学术在内的各种电子数据库进行检索。对检索到的文章中的参考文献也进行交叉引用检查。检索仅限于英文文章。[结果]本综述共筛选出74篇论文，其中大部分可追溯到20世纪50年代和60年代。[结论]盲人表现出一致的肌肉骨骼畸形。失明导致大量异常的感觉和运动相互作用，这些相互作用常常使盲人处于孤立状态。盲人康复是一项多学科任务。来自不同领域的专家需要作为一个团队共同诊断和治疗盲人的缺陷。在恢复姿势和步态的正常力学之前，应重新建立与外部世界的缺失联系。
