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美国老年人身体活动的患病率及趋势:三项全国性调查的比较

Prevalence and trends in physical activity among older adults in the United States: A comparison across three national surveys.

作者信息

Keadle Sarah Kozey, McKinnon Robin, Graubard Barry I, Troiano Richard P

机构信息

Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MA, United States.

出版信息

Prev Med. 2016 Aug;89:37-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.05.009. Epub 2016 May 16.

Abstract

This paper examined how many older adults (65+years) are meeting physical activity (PA) Guidelines (PAG; 150min/week of moderate-to-vigorous PA) using data from three leading national surveys (NHANES, BRFSS and NHIS). The proportion of individuals meeting aerobic PAG was determined for the most recent cycle available for each survey (NHANES 2011-12, NHIS and BRFSS 2013). We also assessed whether PAG adherence has changed over time. Predicted margins from multinomial logistic regression were computed after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity and gender and sample weights. The proportion of older adults meeting PAG was 27.3% for NHANES, 35.8% for NHIS and 44.3% for BRFSS. Across all surveys, men reported higher levels of activity than women, Non-Hispanic whites reported higher levels than Non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics, activity declined with age and was lower in those with functional limitations, all P<0.05. The proportion of older adults meeting PAG in the NHIS survey, the only survey where PA questions remained the same over time, increased from 25.7% in 1998 to 35.8% in 2013 (P<0.01). Point-estimates for activity levels are different between surveys but they consistently identify sub-groups who are less active. Although older adults are reporting more activity over time, adherence to aerobic and strength training PAG remains low in this population and there is a need for effective interventions to prevent age-related declines in PA and address health disparities among older adults.

摘要

本文利用三项主要的全国性调查(美国国家健康与营养检查调查、行为危险因素监测系统和美国国家健康访谈调查)的数据,研究了有多少老年人(65岁及以上)达到了身体活动(PA)指南(PAG;每周150分钟中等至剧烈强度的PA)的要求。针对每项调查可获取的最新周期(美国国家健康与营养检查调查2011 - 12年、美国国家健康访谈调查以及行为危险因素监测系统2013年),确定了达到有氧PAG的个体比例。我们还评估了PAG的依从性是否随时间发生了变化。在对年龄、种族/族裔、性别和样本权重进行调整后,计算了多项逻辑回归的预测边际值。美国国家健康与营养检查调查中达到PAG的老年人比例为27.3%,美国国家健康访谈调查为35.8%,行为危险因素监测系统为44.3%。在所有调查中,男性报告的活动水平高于女性,非西班牙裔白人报告的水平高于非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔,活动水平随年龄下降,且在有功能限制的人群中较低,所有P<0.05。在美国国家健康访谈调查中,这是唯一一项PA问题随时间保持不变的调查,达到PAG的老年人比例从1998年的25.7%增至2013年的35.8%(P<0.01)。不同调查中活动水平的点估计值有所不同,但它们一致地识别出了活动较少的亚组。尽管随着时间推移,老年人报告的活动增多,但该人群对有氧和力量训练PAG的依从性仍然较低,需要有效的干预措施来预防与年龄相关的PA下降,并解决老年人中的健康差异问题。

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