Scherbaum Veronika, Srour M Leila
World Rev Nutr Diet. 2016;115:82-97. doi: 10.1159/000442075. Epub 2016 May 19.
Breastfeeding has an important role in the prevention of different forms of childhood malnutrition, including wasting, stunting, over- and underweight and micronutrient deficiencies. This chapter reviews research that demonstrates how improved breastfeeding rates have the potential to improve childhood nutrition, with associated impacts on infectious and noninfectious disease prevention. The unique composition of breastmilk, the importance of breastfeeding in infectious disease prevention, the iron status of breastfed infants, and breastfeeding's protective effect on overweight and obesity are discussed based on currently available research. Early and tailored dietary counseling is needed to improve maternal diets, which can affect the nutritional status of breastmilk. Promotion and support of breastfeeding are important to prevent childhood morbidity and mortality. A review of the literature reveals key factors shown to be effective in improving breastfeeding rates, especially including legislation to control the marketing of breastmilk substitutes. In conclusion, breastfeeding is shown to be the best natural resource to improve childhood nutrition throughout the world.
母乳喂养在预防儿童期各种形式的营养不良方面发挥着重要作用，这些营养不良包括消瘦、发育迟缓、超重和体重不足以及微量营养素缺乏。本章回顾了相关研究，这些研究表明提高母乳喂养率如何有潜力改善儿童营养状况，并对预防传染病和非传染病产生相关影响。基于现有研究，讨论了母乳的独特成分、母乳喂养在预防传染病中的重要性、母乳喂养婴儿的铁状况以及母乳喂养对超重和肥胖的保护作用。需要早期且有针对性的饮食咨询来改善母亲的饮食，这会影响母乳的营养状况。促进和支持母乳喂养对于预防儿童发病和死亡很重要。对文献的回顾揭示了一些关键因素，这些因素已被证明在提高母乳喂养率方面有效，特别是包括控制母乳代用品营销的立法。总之，母乳喂养被证明是改善全球儿童营养状况的最佳自然资源。
