Nanney Marilyn S, LaRowe Tara L, Davey Cynthia, Frost Natasha, Arcan Chrisa, O'Meara Joyce
1 University of Minnesota, MN, USA.
2 Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Health Educ Behav. 2017 Feb;44(1):23-31. doi: 10.1177/1090198116643912. Epub 2016 Jul 9.
Long-term evaluation studies reveal that high-quality early care and education (ECE) programs that include a lifestyle component predict later adult health outcomes. The purpose of this article is to characterize the nutrition and physical activity (PA) practices, including implementation difficulty and barriers, of licensed center- and family home-based ECE programs serving 2- to 5-year-old children in Minnesota (MN) and Wisconsin (WI).
A stratified random sampling procedure was used to select representative cross sections of licensed ECE providers in MN and WI. A total of 2,000 providers (1,000 center-based, 1,000 family home-based) were randomly selected and invited to respond to a 97-item survey with questions representing (1) nutrition and PA practices, (2) barriers to meeting nutrition and PA best practices, and (3) written and implemented nutrition and PA policies. Summated scales were constructed for nutrition-related (range 0-15; Cronbach's α = .86) and for PA-related best practices (range 0-10; Cronbach's α = .82).
A total of 823 providers returned surveys between August 2010 and March 2011, resulting in a 44% bistate participation rate. Across all programs an average ( SD) of 7.0 (4.1) nutrition best practices were already implemented. Center-based providers reported on average 0.8 additional nutrition best practice (7.4 vs. 6.6, p = .01). Across all programs an average ( SD) of 5.2 (3.1) PA best practices were already implemented. Center-based providers reported on average one more PA best practice (5.3 vs. 4.3, p < .01). The cost of healthy food and the weather were identified as barriers by 80% of providers, regardless of program type.
长期评估研究表明，包含生活方式要素的高质量早期护理与教育（ECE）项目能够预测成年后的健康状况。本文旨在描述明尼苏达州（MN）和威斯康星州（WI）为2至5岁儿童提供服务的有执照的中心型和家庭型ECE项目的营养与身体活动（PA）实践情况，包括实施难度和障碍。
采用分层随机抽样程序，选取MN和WI有执照的ECE提供者的代表性样本。总共随机选取2000名提供者（1000名中心型、1000名家庭型），邀请他们回答一份包含97个问题的调查问卷，这些问题涉及（1）营养与PA实践，（2）达到营养与PA最佳实践的障碍，以及（3）书面和实施的营养与PA政策。构建了营养相关（范围0 - 15；克朗巴哈系数α = 0.86）和PA相关最佳实践（范围0 - 10；克朗巴哈系数α = 0.82）的合计量表。
在2010年8月至2011年3月期间，共有823名提供者回复了调查问卷，双州参与率为44%。在所有项目中，平均（标准差）已实施7.0（4.1）项营养最佳实践。中心型提供者平均报告多实施了0.8项营养最佳实践（7.4对6.6，p = 0.01）。在所有项目中，平均（标准差）已实施5.2（3.1）项PA最佳实践。中心型提供者平均报告多实施了一项PA最佳实践（5.3对4.3，p < 0.01）。80%的提供者将健康食品成本和天气视为障碍，与项目类型无关。
