Strasser Barbara, Fuchs Dietmar
Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
Int J Tryptophan Res. 2016 May 10;9:9-16. doi: 10.4137/IJTR.S33385. eCollection 2016.
An association between mood disturbance, the inability to lose or to stop gaining weight, and a craving for carbohydrates is manifested by many people who are overweight or are becoming so. In a recent study, we observed that low-calorie weight loss diet lowered not only levels of leptin but also levels of essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP) significantly. The disturbed metabolism of TRP might affect biosynthesis of serotonin and could thereby increase the susceptibility for mood disturbances and carbohydrate craving, increasing the cessation probability of weight reduction programs. Alternatively, moderate physical exercise - a potent stimulus to modulate (reduce/normalize) proinflammatory cytokines, which may affect TRP levels - could be helpful in improving mood status and preventing uncontrolled weight gain. In contrast, excessive physical exercise may induce breakdown of TRP when proinflammatory cascades together with TRP-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 are stimulated, which may lead to neuropsychiatric symptoms such as fatigue and low mood.
许多超重或正在变胖的人都表现出情绪紊乱、无法减重或停止增重以及对碳水化合物的渴望之间的关联。在最近的一项研究中，我们观察到低热量减肥饮食不仅显著降低了瘦素水平，还显著降低了必需氨基酸色氨酸（TRP）的水平。TRP代谢紊乱可能会影响血清素的生物合成，从而增加情绪紊乱和对碳水化合物渴望的易感性，增加减肥计划中断的可能性。另外，适度的体育锻炼——一种调节（降低/使正常化）促炎细胞因子的有效刺激因素，而促炎细胞因子可能会影响TRP水平——可能有助于改善情绪状态并防止体重不受控制地增加。相比之下，当促炎级联反应与TRP降解酶吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶-1一起被刺激时，过度的体育锻炼可能会导致TRP分解，这可能会导致疲劳和情绪低落等神经精神症状。
