Gijselaers Hieronymus J M, Elena Barberà, Kirschner Paul A, de Groot Renate H M
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Welten Institute-Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands Heerlen, Netherlands.
eLearn Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Barcelona, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2016 May 3;7:642. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00642. eCollection 2016.
Biological lifestyle factors (BLFs) such as physical activity, sleep, and nutrition play a role in cognitive functioning. Research concerning the relation between BLFs and cognitive performance is scarce however, especially in young and middle-aged adults. Research has not yet focused on a multidisciplinary approach with respect to this relation in the abovementioned population, where lifestyle habits are more stable. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of these BLFs to cognitive performance. Path analysis was conducted in an observational study in which 1131 adults were analyzed using a cross-validation approach. Participants provided information on physical activity, sedentary behavior, chronotype, sleep duration, sleep quality, and the consumption of breakfast, fish, and caffeine via a survey. Their cognitive performance was measured using objective digital cognitive tests. Exploration yielded a predictive cohesive model that fitted the data properly, χ(2) /df = 0.8, CFI = 1.00, RMSEA < 0.001, SRMR = 0.016. Validation of the developed model indicated that the model fitted the data satisfactorily, χ(2) /df = 2.75, CFI = 0.95, RMSEA < 0.056, SRMR = 0.035. None of the variables within the BLFs were predictive for any of the cognitive performance measures, except for sedentary behavior. Although sedentary behavior was positively predictive for processing speed its contribution was small and unclear. The results indicate that the variables within the BLFs do not predict cognitive performance in young and middle-aged adults.
身体活动、睡眠和营养等生物生活方式因素（BLFs）在认知功能中发挥作用。然而，关于BLFs与认知表现之间关系的研究很少，尤其是在中青年成年人中。对于上述生活方式习惯较为稳定的人群，尚未有研究聚焦于这一关系的多学科方法。本研究的目的是检验这些BLFs对认知表现的贡献。在一项观察性研究中进行了路径分析，其中使用交叉验证方法对1131名成年人进行了分析。参与者通过一项调查提供了有关身体活动、久坐行为、昼夜节律类型、睡眠时间、睡眠质量以及早餐、鱼类和咖啡因摄入量的信息。他们的认知表现通过客观的数字认知测试进行测量。探索得出了一个预测性的连贯模型，该模型与数据拟合良好，χ(2)/df = 0.8，CFI = 1.00，RMSEA < 0.001，SRMR = 0.016。对所开发模型的验证表明，该模型与数据拟合良好，χ(2)/df = 2.75，CFI = 0.95，RMSEA < 0.056，SRMR = 0.035。除了久坐行为外，BLFs中的变量均不能预测任何认知表现指标。尽管久坐行为对处理速度有正向预测作用，但其贡献较小且不明确。结果表明，BLFs中的变量不能预测中青年成年人的认知表现。
