School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan.
Analyst. 2016 Jun 20;141(13):3962-81. doi: 10.1039/c6an00522e.
Recently, far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectroscopy, which is the spectroscopy of wavelengths in the region 140-200 nm, of solid and liquid states has received significant attention as a novel spectroscopic method. FUV spectroscopy provides new possibilities for studying electronic structures and transitions in almost all types of molecules, from water to polymers. It also shows great promise for a variety of applications. It is well known that wavelengths below 200 nm are rich in information regarding the electronic structure and states of molecules. However, absorptivity is so high in the FUV region, that it has not been employed to investigate solids and liquids. Another problem for FUV region analysis was the instrumentation: FUV spectrometers required vacuum evacuation. Moreover, it was difficult to find applications for FUV spectroscopy. Recently, we introduced the attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique to FUV spectroscopy, which overcomes these issues. ATR-FUV spectroscopy enables the measurement of FUV spectra for solid and liquid samples, establishing a new spectroscopic research area. Using ATR-FUV spectroscopy, electronic transitions that cannot be observed with ordinary UV spectroscopy (200-380 nm) are accessible; Rydberg transitions are just one example. FUV spectroscopy has been demonstrated to have unique and versatile applications. A variety of extensive application studies are now in progress, ranging from applications to fundamental science, such as studies of hydrogen bonding, hydration, and adsorption of water and aqueous solutions, to practical applications such as online, geochemical, environmental, and polymer film analyses. This review provides an introduction to, and brief history of, FUV spectroscopy, and describes the development of new FUV spectrometers, studies on electronic structure and transitions, its various applications, and future prospects.
近年来，远紫外（FUV）光谱学作为一种新的光谱学方法，已经成为研究的热点，它研究的是 140-200nm 区域的固态和液态的光谱。FUV 光谱学为研究几乎所有类型的分子（从水到聚合物）的电子结构和跃迁提供了新的可能性。它也在各种应用中显示出巨大的潜力。众所周知，波长低于 200nm 的远紫外区域包含有关分子电子结构和状态的丰富信息。然而，在 FUV 区域，吸收率非常高，因此它并未被用于研究固体和液体。FUV 区域分析的另一个问题是仪器：FUV 光谱仪需要真空抽气。此外，很难找到 FUV 光谱学的应用。最近，我们将衰减全反射（ATR）技术引入 FUV 光谱学，克服了这些问题。ATR-FUV 光谱学使得能够测量固体和液体样品的 FUV 光谱，建立了一个新的光谱学研究领域。使用 ATR-FUV 光谱学，可以观察到普通 UV 光谱（200-380nm）无法观察到的电子跃迁；里德堡跃迁就是一个例子。FUV 光谱学已经证明具有独特和多样的应用。现在正在进行各种广泛的应用研究，从基础科学的应用，如氢键、水和水溶液的水合、吸附研究，到实际应用，如在线、地球化学、环境和聚合物膜分析。本文综述了 FUV 光谱学的介绍和简要历史，描述了新型 FUV 光谱仪的发展、电子结构和跃迁的研究、它的各种应用以及未来的前景。
