Lorenz Nicola, Reiger Matthias, Toro-Nahuelpan Mauricio, Brachmann Andreas, Poettinger Lisa, Plener Laure, Lassak Jürgen, Jung Kirsten
Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM) at the Department of Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.
Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
PLoS One. 2016 May 23;11(5):e0156010. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156010. eCollection 2016.
Phages are bacteria targeting viruses and represent the most abundant biological entities on earth. Marine environments are exceptionally rich in bacteriophages, harboring a total of 4x10(30) viruses. Nevertheless, marine phages remain poorly characterized. Here we describe the identification of intact prophage sequences in the genome of the marine γ-proteobacterium Vibrio campbellii ATCC BAA-1116 (formerly known as V. harveyi ATCC BAA-1116), which presumably belong to the family of Myoviridae. One prophage was found on chromosome I and shows significant similarities to the previously identified phage ΦHAP-1. The second prophage region is located on chromosome II and is related to Vibrio phage kappa. Exposure of V. campbellii to mitomycin C induced the lytic cycle of two morphologically distinct phages and, as expected, extracellular DNA from induced cultures was found to be specifically enriched for the sequences previously identified as prophage regions. Heat stress (50°C, 30 min) was also found to induce phage release in V. campbellii. Notably, promoter activity of two representative phage genes indicated heterogeneous phage induction within the population.
噬菌体是靶向细菌的病毒，是地球上数量最为丰富的生物实体。海洋环境中噬菌体异常丰富，共有4×10³⁰种病毒。然而，海洋噬菌体的特征仍知之甚少。在此，我们描述了在海洋γ-变形菌坎氏弧菌ATCC BAA - 1116（以前称为哈氏弧菌ATCC BAA - 1116）基因组中完整原噬菌体序列的鉴定，这些序列可能属于肌尾噬菌体科。在第一条染色体上发现了一个原噬菌体，它与先前鉴定的噬菌体ΦHAP - 1有显著相似性。第二个原噬菌体区域位于第二条染色体上，与弧菌噬菌体κ相关。用丝裂霉素C处理坎氏弧菌可诱导两种形态不同的噬菌体进入裂解周期，正如预期的那样，诱导培养物的细胞外DNA被发现特异性富集了先前鉴定为原噬菌体区域的序列。热应激（50°C，30分钟）也被发现可诱导坎氏弧菌释放噬菌体。值得注意的是，两个代表性噬菌体基因的启动子活性表明群体内噬菌体诱导具有异质性。
