Department of Plant Pathology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; email:
Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2016 Aug 4;54:25-54. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-100123. Epub 2016 May 23.
Organic agriculture has expanded worldwide. Numerous papers were published in the past 20 years comparing plant diseases in organic and conventional crops. Root diseases are generally less severe owing to greater soil health, whereas some foliar diseases can be problematic in organic agriculture. The soil microbial community and nitrogen availability play an important role in disease development and yield. Recently, the focus has shifted to optimizing organic crop production by improving plant nutrition, weed control, and plant health. Crop-loss assessment relating productivity to all yield-forming and -reducing factors would benefit organic production and sustainability evaluation.
有机农业在全球范围内得到了扩展。在过去的 20 年中，发表了许多比较有机和常规作物植物病害的论文。由于土壤健康状况较好，根部病害通常不太严重，而一些叶部病害在有机农业中可能是个问题。土壤微生物群落和氮素供应在病害发生和产量中起着重要作用。最近，人们的注意力已经转移到通过改善植物营养、杂草控制和植物健康来优化有机作物生产。将生产力与所有形成和降低产量的因素相关联的作物损失评估将有利于有机生产和可持续性评估。
