New England Plant, Soil, and Water Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Orono, Maine 04469-5753; email:
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2015;53:199-221. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120357. Epub 2015 May 15.
Soil health has been defined as the capacity of soil to function as a vital living system to sustain biological productivity, maintain environmental quality, and promote plant, animal, and human health. Building and maintaining soil health are essential to agricultural sustainability and ecosystem function. Management practices that promote soil health, including the use of crop rotations, cover crops and green manures, organic amendments, and conservation tillage, also have generally positive effects on the management of soilborne diseases through a number of potential mechanisms, including increasing soil microbial biomass, activity, and diversity, resulting in greater biological suppression of pathogens and diseases. However, there also may be particular disease issues associated with some soil health management practices. In this review, research and progress made over the past twenty years regarding soil health, sustainability, and soil health management practices, with an emphasis on their implications for and effects on plant disease and disease management strategies, are summarized.
土壤健康已被定义为土壤作为一个重要的生命系统发挥功能的能力，以维持生物生产力、保持环境质量，并促进植物、动物和人类的健康。建立和维护土壤健康对于农业可持续性和生态系统功能至关重要。促进土壤健康的管理措施，包括轮作、覆盖作物和绿肥、有机肥料和保护性耕作，也通过多种潜在机制对土壤传播疾病的管理产生普遍的积极影响，包括增加土壤微生物生物量、活性和多样性，从而更有效地抑制病原体和疾病。然而，某些土壤健康管理措施也可能与特定的疾病问题有关。在这篇综述中，总结了过去二十年来关于土壤健康、可持续性和土壤健康管理措施的研究和进展，重点介绍了它们对植物病害和病害管理策略的影响和效果。
