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延迟播种通过改变土壤温度和湿度来减少向日葵枯萎病，从而增强向日葵根际有益细菌。

Delayed Sowing Reduced Wilt by Altering Soil Temperature and Humidity to Enhance Beneficial Rhizosphere Bacteria of Sunflower.

作者信息

Yang Jianfeng, Jia Shuo, Li Tie, Zhang Jian, Zhang Yuanyuan, Hao Jianjun, Zhao Jun

机构信息

College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China.

Hinngan League Institute of Agricultural and Husbandry Sciences, Ulanhot 134000, China.

出版信息

Microorganisms. 2024 Nov 25;12(12):2416. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12122416.

DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12122416
PMID:39770619
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11676687/
Abstract

Sunflower Wilt (SVW) caused by is a significant threat to sunflower production in China. This soilborne disease is difficult to control. It has been observed that delayed sowing reduces the severity of SVW on different varieties and across various locations. Soil was collected from multiple locations with different sowing dates to understand the underlying biological mechanisms driving this phenomenon. The soil bacterial community was characterized through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform, followed by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Microsclerotia numbers in soil were detected using both NP-10 selective medium and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). By delaying the sowing date, the number of microsclerotia in soil and the biomass of colonized inside sunflower roots were reduced during the early developmental stages (V2-V6) of sunflowers. Amplicon sequencing revealed an increased abundance of bacterial genera, such as , , and in soil samples collected from delayed sowing plots. Five bacterial strains isolated from the delayed sowing plot exhibited strong antagonistic effects against . The result of the pot experiments indicated that supplying two different synthetic communities (SynComs) in the pot did increase the control efficiencies on SVW by 19.08% and 37.82% separately. Additionally, soil temperature and humidity across different sowing dates were also monitored, and a significant correlation between disease severity and environmental factors was observed. In conclusion, delayed sowing appears to decrease microsclerotia levels by recruiting beneficial rhizosphere bacteria, thereby reducing the severity of SVW.

摘要

由[病原体名称未给出]引起的向日葵枯萎病（SVW）对中国的向日葵生产构成了重大威胁。这种土传病害难以控制。据观察，延迟播种可降低不同品种和不同地点的SVW严重程度。从多个不同播种日期的地点采集土壤，以了解导致这一现象的潜在生物学机制。通过在Illumina MiSeq平台上进行16S rRNA基因扩增子测序，随后进行全面的生物信息学分析，对土壤细菌群落进行了表征。使用NP - 10选择性培养基和定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）检测土壤中的小菌核数量。通过延迟播种日期，在向日葵发育早期阶段（V2 - V6），土壤中小菌核的数量以及定殖在向日葵根内的[病原体名称未给出]生物量减少。扩增子测序显示，从延迟播种地块采集的土壤样本中，诸如[细菌属名称未给出]、[细菌属名称未给出]和[细菌属名称未给出]等细菌属的丰度增加。从延迟播种地块分离出的五株细菌菌株对[病原体名称未给出]表现出强烈的拮抗作用。盆栽试验结果表明，在盆栽中提供两种不同的合成群落（SynComs）分别使对SVW的防治效率提高了19.08%和37.82%。此外，还监测了不同播种日期的土壤温度和湿度，观察到病害严重程度与环境因素之间存在显著相关性。总之，延迟播种似乎通过招募有益的根际细菌来降低小菌核水平，从而减轻SVW的严重程度。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5b73/11676687/f036b0c133ee/microorganisms-12-02416-g011.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5b73/11676687/dce1e1b45fe3/microorganisms-12-02416-g007.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5b73/11676687/f4c29c3e2d40/microorganisms-12-02416-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5b73/11676687/67a9e8e07006/microorganisms-12-02416-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5b73/11676687/f036b0c133ee/microorganisms-12-02416-g011.jpg

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