Dell Paul F
a Trauma Recovery Center , Norfolk , Virginia , USA.
J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 Jan-Feb;18(1):58-87. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1191579. Epub 2016 May 23.
During the 19th century, high hypnotizability was considered to be a form of psychopathology that was inseparable from hysteria. Today, hypnotizability is considered to be a normal trait that has no meaningful relationship with psychopathology. Psychiatric patients generally manifest medium to low hypnotizability. Nevertheless, several psychiatric diagnoses are marked by an unexpectedly large proportion of patients with high hypnotizability. This is especially true of the diagnostic categories that were subsumed by the 19th-century concept of hysteria: dissociative identity disorder, somatization disorder, and complex conversion disorders. These hysteria-related modern diagnoses are also highly dissociative. A review and analysis of the literature regarding the relationship between hypnotizability and dissociation indicates that high hypnotizability is almost certainly a necessary diathesis for the development of a severe dissociative disorder. Such a diathesis has significant implications for (a) the psychiatric nosologies of the American Psychiatric Association and the World Health Organization, (b) the hypnosis field, and (c) the etiology and construct validity of dissociative identity disorder and other severe dissociative disorders. Specifically, the dissociative disorders (excepting depersonalization disorder, which is not classified as a dissociative disorder by the World Health Organization) are manifestations of hypnotic pathology.
在19世纪，高催眠易感性被认为是一种与癔症不可分割的精神病理学形式。如今，催眠易感性被视为一种正常特质，与精神病理学并无实质关联。精神科患者通常表现出中等至低水平的催眠易感性。然而，有几种精神科诊断却呈现出高催眠易感性患者比例出奇之高的情况。19世纪癔症概念所涵盖的诊断类别尤其如此：分离性身份障碍、躯体化障碍和复杂的转换障碍。这些与癔症相关的现代诊断也具有高度的分离性。一项关于催眠易感性与分离之间关系的文献综述与分析表明，高催眠易感性几乎肯定是严重分离性障碍发展的必要素质。这样一种素质对以下方面具有重大影响：（a）美国精神病学协会和世界卫生组织的精神疾病分类法；（b）催眠领域；（c）分离性身份障碍及其他严重分离性障碍的病因和结构效度。具体而言，分离性障碍（世界卫生组织未将人格解体障碍归类为分离性障碍除外）是催眠病理学的表现。
