Weaver Timothy D, Coqueugniot Hélène, Golovanova Liubov V, Doronichev Vladimir B, Maureille Bruno, Hublin Jean-Jacques
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; CNRS, UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, 33615 Pessac, France; Laboratoire d'Anthropologie biologique Paul Broca, École Pratique des Hautes Études, UMR 5199 PACEA, 33615 Pessac, France;
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Jun 7;113(23):6472-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1523677113. Epub 2016 May 23.
Neandertal and modern human adults differ in skeletal features of the cranium and postcranium, and it is clear that many of the cranial differences-although not all of them-are already present at the time of birth. We know less, however, about the developmental origins of the postcranial differences. Here, we address this deficiency with morphometric analyses of the postcrania of the two most complete Neandertal neonates-Mezmaiskaya 1 (from Russia) and Le Moustier 2 (from France)-and a recent human sample. We find that neonatal Neandertals already appear to possess the wide body, long pubis, and robust long bones of adult Neandertals. Taken together, current evidence indicates that skeletal differences between Neandertals and modern humans are largely established by the time of birth.
尼安德特人和现代人类成年人在颅骨和颅后骨骼特征上存在差异，很明显，许多颅骨差异——尽管并非全部——在出生时就已经存在。然而，我们对颅后差异的发育起源了解较少。在这里，我们通过对两个最完整的尼安德特人新生儿——梅兹马伊斯卡亚1号（来自俄罗斯）和勒穆捷2号（来自法国）——以及一组现代人类样本的颅后骨骼进行形态测量分析，来解决这一不足。我们发现，尼安德特人新生儿似乎已经具备了成年尼安德特人宽阔的身体、较长的耻骨和粗壮的长骨。综合来看，目前的证据表明，尼安德特人和现代人类之间的骨骼差异在出生时就基本形成了。
