Copeland Jan, Pokorski Izabella
UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2016 May 3;7:41-53. doi: 10.2147/SAR.S89857. eCollection 2016.
Cannabis is the most widely used and variably regulated drug in the world, with increasing trends of use being reported in the US, Australia, Asia, and Africa. Evidence has shown a decrease in the age of commencement of cannabis use in some developed countries and a prolongation of risk of initiation to cannabis use beyond adolescence among more recent users. Cannabis use is associated with numerous health risks and long-term morbidity, as well as risk of developing cannabis-use disorders. Cannabis users infrequently seek professional treatment, and normally do so after a decade of use. Cannabis-use disorders are currently treated using a selection of psychosocial interventions. Severity of withdrawal is a factor that increases the risk of relapse, and is the target of pharmacotherapy studies. Currently, there is no approved pharmacotherapy for cannabis-use disorders. A number of approaches have been examined, and trials are continuing to find a safe and effective medication with little abuse liability.
大麻是世界上使用最广泛且管制差异很大的毒品，美国、澳大利亚、亚洲和非洲都报告有使用趋势增加的情况。有证据表明，在一些发达国家，开始使用大麻的年龄有所下降，而且在较新的使用者中，开始使用大麻的风险期延长至青春期之后。使用大麻与众多健康风险和长期发病率相关，还与患大麻使用障碍的风险有关。大麻使用者很少寻求专业治疗，通常在使用十年后才这样做。目前使用一系列心理社会干预措施来治疗大麻使用障碍。戒断的严重程度是增加复发风险的一个因素，也是药物治疗研究的目标。目前，尚无获批用于治疗大麻使用障碍的药物疗法。已经研究了多种方法，并且仍在继续进行试验，以找到一种几乎没有滥用可能性的安全有效的药物。
