Van Dyke Miriam E, Drozdovitch Vladimir, Doody Michele M, Lim Hyeyeun, Bolus Norman E, Simon Steven L, Alexander Bruce H, Kitahara Cari M
*Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; †Department of Clinical & Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; ‡Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Health Phys. 2016 Jul;111(1):37-46. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000000519.
The authors evaluated historical patterns in the types of procedures performed in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine and the associated radiation safety practices used from 1945-2009 in a sample of U.S. radiologic technologists. In 2013-2014, 4,406 participants from the U.S. Radiologic Technologists (USRT) Study who previously reported working with medical radionuclides completed a detailed survey inquiring about the performance of 23 diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclide procedures and the use of radiation safety practices when performing radionuclide procedure-related tasks during five time periods: 1945-1964, 1965-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-1999, and 2000-2009. An overall increase in the proportion of technologists who performed specific diagnostic or therapeutic procedures was observed across the five time periods. Between 1945-1964 and 2000-2009, the median frequency of diagnostic procedures performed substantially increased (from 5 wk to 30 wk), attributable mainly to an increasing frequency of cardiac and non-brain PET scans, while the median frequency of therapeutic procedures performed modestly decreased (from 4 mo to 3 mo). Also a notable increase was observed in the use of most radiation safety practices from 1945-1964 to 2000-2009 (e.g., use of lead-shielded vials during diagnostic radiopharmaceutical preparation increased from 56 to 96%), although lead apron use dramatically decreased (e.g., during diagnostic imaging procedures, from 81 to 7%). These data describe historical practices in nuclear medicine and can be used to support studies of health risks for nuclear medicine technologists.
作者评估了1945年至2009年期间美国放射技师样本中诊断和治疗核医学所执行的程序类型以及相关辐射安全实践的历史模式。在2013年至2014年期间，来自美国放射技师（USRT）研究的4406名曾报告从事医用放射性核素工作的参与者完成了一项详细调查，询问了23种诊断和治疗放射性核素程序的执行情况以及在五个时间段（1945年至1964年、1965年至1979年、1980年至1989年、1990年至1999年和2000年至2009年）执行放射性核素程序相关任务时辐射安全实践的使用情况。在这五个时间段内，执行特定诊断或治疗程序的技师比例总体呈上升趋势。在1945年至1964年和2000年至2009年之间，诊断程序执行的中位数频率大幅增加（从每周5次增加到每周30次），主要归因于心脏和非脑部PET扫描频率的增加，而治疗程序执行的中位数频率略有下降（从每4个月一次降至每3个月一次）。从1945年至1964年到2000年至2009年，大多数辐射安全实践的使用也显著增加（例如，诊断放射性药物制备过程中使用铅屏蔽小瓶的比例从56%增加到96%），尽管铅围裙的使用大幅减少（例如，在诊断成像程序中，从81%降至7%）。这些数据描述了核医学的历史实践，可用于支持对核医学技师健康风险的研究。
