Vijayakumar Lakshmi, Phillips Michael R, Silverman Morton M, Gunnell David, Carli Vladimir
An estimated 804,000 deaths by suicide occurred globally in 2012 (WHO 2014a). Of these, 75.5 percent were in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which have limited resources to address the issue. The reasons for suicides are multifactorial, but suicides are preventable. is operationally defined for the purpose of this chapter as the deliberate act of killing oneself. describes any nonfatal suicidal behavior, such as intentional self-inflicted poisoning, injury, or self-harm. The inclusion of deliberate self-harm (DSH) within the definition of suicide attempt is potentially controversial, because it includes some acts carried out without suicidal intent. Nevertheless, suicide intent can be difficult to ascertain. Accordingly, the approach in this chapter follows that used by the World Health Organization (WHO) and classifies DSH under .
2012年，全球估计有80.4万人自杀身亡（世界卫生组织，2014a）。其中，75.5%发生在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs），这些国家解决这一问题的资源有限。自杀原因是多方面的，但自杀是可以预防的。本章将自杀在操作上定义为故意杀害自己的行为。自杀未遂描述的是任何非致命的自杀行为，如故意自我中毒、受伤或自我伤害。将故意自伤（DSH）纳入自杀未遂的定义可能存在争议，因为它包括一些没有自杀意图的行为。然而，自杀意图可能很难确定。因此，本章采用世界卫生组织（WHO）的方法，将故意自伤归类为自杀未遂。
