Hassell Kathryn, Pettigrove Vincent, Beresford Nicola, Jobling Susan, Kumar Anu
Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), Bio 21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), Bio 21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016 Sep;131:104-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.05.004. Epub 2016 May 23.
Environmental estrogens originate from a variety of sources including sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and adverse physiological effects (endocrine disruption) have been observed in several fish species sampled downstream of STP discharges. In this study we examined common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and roach (Rutilis rutilis) for signs of exposure to environmental estrogens in the iconic Yarra River, Melbourne, Australia. The Yarra River flows through the city of Melbourne and more than 2 million people live within the catchment. Two STPs discharge water into the Yarra River within the middle reaches, and the areas immediately downstream of these discharge locations were the focus of this study. Carp and roach were chosen as test species since both have been utilised extensively for endocrine disruption research throughout Europe, North America and Asia, and data from various international studies was used for comparison with the results of the present study. Neither species showed evidence of exposure to environmental estrogens, with no elevation of plasma vitellogenin levels in males and no incidence of intersex gonads. Most physiological endpoints in both species from this study were within ranges reported in carp and roach from reference sites in other studies, however some degenerative histological changes in both male and female gonads were observed. Surface water samples showed no estrogenic activity (measured by the yeast-estrogen screen, YES), but did display strong anti-estrogenic and weak androgenic activity (measured by the yeast-androgen screen, YAS). Whilst the results show no evidence of impacts from environmental estrogens in the Yarra River, the presence of both anti-estrogenic and androgenic activity in water samples, as well as some gonadal changes in carp is concerning and indicates that our focus needs to broaden, in order to look for biological impacts in resident fauna that might be due to environmental pollutants other than environmental estrogens.
环境雌激素来源广泛，包括污水处理厂的废水，并且在污水处理厂排放口下游采集的几种鱼类中已观察到不利的生理影响（内分泌干扰）。在本研究中，我们在澳大利亚墨尔本标志性的亚拉河中检测了鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）和拟鲤（Rutilis rutilis）是否有接触环境雌激素的迹象。亚拉河流经墨尔本市，流域内居住着超过200万人。两座污水处理厂在中游将水排放到亚拉河中，这些排放地点下游紧邻的区域是本研究的重点。选择鲤鱼和拟鲤作为测试物种，因为在欧洲、北美和亚洲，这两种鱼都被广泛用于内分泌干扰研究，并且本研究结果与各项国际研究的数据进行了比较。两种鱼均未显示接触环境雌激素的迹象，雄性血浆卵黄蛋白原水平未升高，也未出现雌雄同体性腺的情况。本研究中两种鱼的大多数生理指标均在其他研究中参考地点的鲤鱼和拟鲤所报告的范围内，然而，在雄性和雌性性腺中均观察到了一些退行性组织学变化。地表水样本未显示雌激素活性（通过酵母雌激素筛选法，即YES测定），但确实显示出较强的抗雌激素活性和较弱的雄激素活性（通过酵母雄激素筛选法，即YAS测定）。虽然结果表明亚拉河中没有环境雌激素影响的证据，但水样中同时存在抗雌激素和雄激素活性，以及鲤鱼的一些性腺变化令人担忧，这表明我们需要拓宽关注范围，以寻找可能由环境雌激素以外的环境污染物导致的对当地动物群的生物学影响。
