邻里劣势与吸烟：审视邻里层面心理社会特征的作用。
Neighbourhood disadvantage and smoking: Examining the role of neighbourhood-level psychosocial characteristics.
作者信息
Rachele Jerome N, Wood Lisa, Nathan Andrea, Giskes Katrina, Turrell Gavin
机构信息
Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Australia; School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
出版信息
Health Place. 2016 Jul;40:98-105. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.04.012. Epub 2016 May 23.
PURPOSE
This study aims to determine if neighbourhood psychosocial characteristics contribute to inequalities in smoking among residents from neighbourhoods of differing socioeconomic disadvantage.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study includes 11,035 residents from 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia in 2007. Self-reported measures were obtained for smoking and neighbourhood psychosocial characteristics (perceptions of incivilities, crime and safety, and social cohesion). Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage was measured using a census-derived index. Data were analysed using multilevel logistic regression random intercept models.
RESULTS
Smoking was associated with neighbourhood disadvantage; this relationship remained after adjustment for individual-level socioeconomic position. Area-level perceptions of crime and safety and social cohesion were not independently associated with smoking, and did not explain the higher prevalence of smoking in disadvantaged areas; however, perceptions of incivilities showed an independent effect.
CONCLUSIONS
Some neighbourhood psychosocial characteristics seem to contribute to the higher rates of smoking in disadvantaged areas.
目的
本研究旨在确定邻里心理社会特征是否会导致社会经济劣势不同的邻里居民在吸烟方面存在不平等。
方法
这项横断面研究纳入了2007年澳大利亚布里斯班200个邻里的11,035名居民。获取了关于吸烟情况和邻里心理社会特征（对不文明行为、犯罪与安全以及社会凝聚力的认知）的自我报告数据。邻里社会经济劣势通过人口普查得出的指数进行衡量。数据使用多水平逻辑回归随机截距模型进行分析。
结果
吸烟与邻里劣势相关；在对个体层面的社会经济地位进行调整后，这种关系依然存在。地区层面的犯罪与安全认知以及社会凝聚力与吸烟并无独立关联，也无法解释劣势地区吸烟率较高的现象；然而，对不文明行为的认知显示出独立影响。
结论
一些邻里心理社会特征似乎导致了劣势地区较高的吸烟率。
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