Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil.
Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP 11030-400, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Oct 1;566-567:446-453. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.039. Epub 2016 May 24.
Imposex in gastropods (Acanthina monodon, Oliva peruviana and Xanthochorus cassidiformis), butyltin levels in surface sediments (Coquimbo and Concepcion) and tissues (Valparaiso and Concepcion) were assessed in three areas under the influence of maritime activities along the central Chilean coast. The highest TBT concentrations were observed in São Vicente Bay (Concepcion), reaching 122.3ngSng(-1) in surface sediments and 59.7ngSng(-1) in gastropods tissue, while in Valparaiso ranged from 7.4 to 15.8ngSng(-1) in biota. The lowest TBT concentrations were detected in sediments from Coquimbo (<2ngSng(-1)), which can be attributed to a much lower ship/boat traffic (probably using TBT free products) in association to local oceanographic conditions. Despite DBT and MBT were the predominant analytes, recent inputs of TBT were evident in some areas. In fact, fishing boats may be a relevant source since they were the predominant maritime activity in the most contaminated sites. In addition, the absence of significant differences within BTs levels between both genders of A. monodon suggests that tissues from distinct sexes can be indistinctly used for future contamination studies. Imposex incidence was detected in 11 out of 15 sampled sites, indicating that environmental levels of TBT have been sufficient to induce deleterious effects on the exposed organisms. Thus, the impacts caused by TBT in Chilean coastal areas were detectable and consistent with other studies performed in South America. This present environmental contamination is probably due to the lack of regulations forbidding the use of TBT-based antifouling paints in Chile.
在受智利中部沿海水域海上活动影响的三个地区，评估了腹足纲动物（褐云玛瑙螺、秘鲁象牙贝和卡西斯多佛氏海扇）中的内吸性铜（Acanthina monodon、Oliva peruviana 和 Xanthochorus cassidiformis）、表层沉积物（科金博和康塞普西翁）和组织（瓦尔帕莱索和康塞普西翁）中的丁基锡（TBT）含量。在康塞普西翁的圣文森特湾（São Vicente Bay）观察到最高的 TBT 浓度，表层沉积物中为 122.3ngSng(-1)，腹足纲动物组织中为 59.7ngSng(-1)，而在瓦尔帕莱索，生物群中 TBT 的浓度范围为 7.4 至 15.8ngSng(-1)。在科金博的沉积物中检测到的 TBT 浓度最低（<2ngSng(-1))，这可能是由于船只交通量较低（可能使用不含 TBT 的产品），加上当地海洋条件的影响。尽管 DBT 和 MBT 是主要的分析物，但在一些地区仍存在 TBT 的近期输入。事实上，渔船可能是一个重要的污染源，因为它们是污染最严重的地点的主要海上活动。此外，褐云玛瑙螺两性之间 BTs 水平没有显著差异，表明不同性别的组织可以用于未来的污染研究。在所采样的 15 个地点中有 11 个检测到了内吸性铜，表明 TBT 的环境水平足以对暴露的生物体产生有害影响。因此，智利沿海地区因 TBT 造成的影响是可检测的，与在南美洲进行的其他研究一致。这种环境污染可能是由于智利缺乏禁止使用 TBT 基防污漆的规定造成的。
