Toor Anju, Feng Tao, Russell Thomas P
Department of of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, USA.
Eur Phys J E Soft Matter. 2016 May;39(5):57. doi: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16057-x. Epub 2016 May 31.
Recent developments in the field of the self-assembly of nanoscale materials such as nanoparticles, nanorods and nanosheets at liquid/liquid interfaces are reviewed. Self-assembly behavior of both biological and synthetic particles is discussed. For biological nanoparticles, the nanoparticle assembly at fluid interfaces provides a simple route for directing nanoparticles into 2D or 3D constructs with hierarchical ordering. The interfacial assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) at liquid interfaces would play a key role in applications such as nanotube fractionation, flexible electronic thin-film fabrication and synthesis of porous SWCNT/polymer composites foams. Liquids can be structured by the jamming of nanoparticle surfactants at fluid interfaces. By controlling the interfacial packing of nanoparticle surfactants using external triggers, a new class of materials can be generated that combines the desirable characteristics of fluids such as rapid transport of energy carriers with the structural stability of a solid.
本文综述了纳米颗粒、纳米棒和纳米片等纳米级材料在液/液界面自组装领域的最新进展。文中讨论了生物颗粒和合成颗粒的自组装行为。对于生物纳米颗粒而言，流体界面处的纳米颗粒组装为将纳米颗粒引导至具有分层有序结构的二维或三维结构提供了一条简单途径。单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）在液界面的组装在诸如纳米管分级、柔性电子薄膜制造以及多孔SWCNT/聚合物复合泡沫的合成等应用中起着关键作用。通过纳米颗粒表面活性剂在流体界面的堵塞作用可使液体结构化。利用外部触发因素控制纳米颗粒表面活性剂的界面堆积，能够生成一类新型材料，这类材料兼具流体的理想特性（如能量载体的快速传输）和固体的结构稳定性。
