Fruehwirth S E
J Community Health Nurs. 1989;6(2):61-71. doi: 10.1207/s15327655jchn0602_2.
The utilization of Johnson's approach to assess clients' behavioral systems demonstrated that it is an effective way of determining the many factors that impinge on an individual's ability to cope with and adapt to change. Small (1980) used the Johnson model as a conceptual framework in assessing the needs of visually impaired children and found that for nursing practice, the Johnson model was a practical tool for implementing all phases of the nursing process encompassing the child's feelings, needs, and desires. Holaday (1980) combined the Johnson model and the Piagetian theory to assess the cognitive development of a 6-year-old, chronically ill child. She found that use of this model for assessment allows the nurse to describe objectively the patient's behavior, which serves to indicate the presence of any disequilibrium. The Johnson model can also be used successfully in a group situation such as a support group for Alzheimer's caregivers, where problem solving and making choices to adapt to lifestyle changes are a definite requirement. For professional nurses in clinical practice, the application of models for assessment of clients will allow them to categorize the phenomena they observe and to gain insight into the clinical situations with which they deal.
运用约翰逊方法评估客户的行为系统表明，这是确定众多影响个体应对和适应变化能力因素的有效方式。斯莫尔（1980年）将约翰逊模型用作评估视障儿童需求的概念框架，发现对于护理实践而言，约翰逊模型是实施涵盖儿童情感、需求和愿望的护理过程各阶段的实用工具。霍拉迪（1980年）将约翰逊模型与皮亚杰理论相结合，评估一名6岁慢性病患儿的认知发展。她发现，使用该模型进行评估能让护士客观描述患者行为，这有助于表明是否存在任何失衡情况。约翰逊模型也能成功用于群体情境，比如为阿尔茨海默病患者护理者设立的支持小组，在这种情境中，解决问题和做出适应生活方式变化的选择是明确要求。对于临床实践中的专业护士而言，应用客户评估模型能使他们对所观察到的现象进行分类，并深入了解他们所处理的临床情况。
