Maimoun Mousa A, Reinhart Debra R, Madani Kaveh
Joyce Engineering, Inc., Charlotte, NC, United States.
Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
Waste Manag. 2016 Aug;54:27-38. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.04.025. Epub 2016 May 26.
Inefficient collection and scheduling procedures negatively affect residential curbside collection (RCC) efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and cost. As Florida aims to achieve a 75% recycling goal by 2020, municipalities have switched to single-stream recycling to improve recycling efficiency. Waste diversion and increased collection cost have forced some municipalities to reduce garbage collection frequency. The goal of this study was to explore the trade-offs between environmental and economic factors of RCC systems in Florida by evaluating the RCC system design of 25 different Central Florida communities. These communities were grouped into four sets based on their RCC garbage, yard waste, and recyclables collection design, i.e., frequency of collection and use of dual-stream (DS) or single-stream (SS) recyclables collection system. For the 25 communities studied, it was observed that RCC programs that used SS recyclables collection system recycled approximately 15-35%, by weight of the waste steam, compared to 5-20% for programs that used DS. The GHG emissions associated with collection programs were estimated to be between 36 and 51kg CO2eq per metric ton of total household waste (garbage and recyclables), depending on the garbage collection frequency, recyclables collection system (DS or SS), and recyclables compaction. When recyclables offsets were considered, the GHG emissions associated with programs using SS were estimated between -760 and -560, compared to between -270 and -210kg CO2eq per metric ton of total waste for DS programs. These data suggest that RCC system design can significantly impact recyclables generation rate and efficiency, and consequently determine environmental and economic impacts of collection systems. Recycling participation rate was found to have a significant impact on the environmental and financial performance of RCC programs. Collection emissions were insignificant compared to the benefits of recycling. SS collection of recyclables provided cost benefits compared to DS, mainly due to faster collection time.
低效的收集和调度程序会对住宅路边收集（RCC）效率、温室气体（GHG）排放及成本产生负面影响。由于佛罗里达州旨在到2020年实现75%的回收目标，各市政当局已转向单一流回收以提高回收效率。垃圾转移和收集成本增加迫使一些市政当局减少垃圾收集频率。本研究的目的是通过评估佛罗里达州中部25个不同社区的RCC系统设计，探讨RCC系统在环境和经济因素之间的权衡。这些社区根据其RCC垃圾、庭院垃圾和可回收物收集设计分为四组，即收集频率以及双流（DS）或单一流（SS）可回收物收集系统的使用情况。对于所研究的25个社区，观察到使用SS可回收物收集系统的RCC项目回收的废物蒸汽重量约为15%-35%，而使用DS的项目为5%-20%。与收集项目相关的温室气体排放估计为每公吨家庭总废物（垃圾和可回收物）36至51千克二氧化碳当量，具体取决于垃圾收集频率、可回收物收集系统（DS或SS）以及可回收物压实情况。当考虑可回收物抵消时，使用SS的项目相关的温室气体排放估计在-760至-560之间，而DS项目每公吨总废物的温室气体排放为-270至-210千克二氧化碳当量。这些数据表明，RCC系统设计可显著影响可回收物产生率和效率，从而决定收集系统的环境和经济影响。发现回收参与率对RCC项目的环境和财务绩效有重大影响。与回收的好处相比，收集排放微不足道。与DS相比，SS收集可回收物具有成本优势，主要是因为收集时间更快。
