New perspectives in the chemoprophylaxis of toxoplasmosis.

The usual chemoprophylaxis of toxoplasmosis consists of spiramycin or the combination of pyremethamine-sulfamide. This chemoprophylaxis can be used: 1 - In the pregnant woman: spiramycin avoids or has low fetal damage. In case of maternal contamination after 33 weeks of pregnancy, pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine combination should be used in spite of its potential toxicity. 2 - In the newborn infant, chemoprophylaxis prevents the emergence of retinochoroiditis. 3 - In congenital toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, systematic repetitive cures of pyrimethamine-sulfamide reduce frequency of recurrences. 4 - In immunocompromised patients, the systematic use of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine prevents neurotoxoplasmosis, in case of kidney, heart, and allogeneic bone marrow transplantations, and also in case of patients with malignant hemopathy or AIDS.