Northeastern University.
Tufts University.
J Pers. 2017 Oct;85(5):583-592. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12262. Epub 2016 Jul 12.
The present research is concerned with the relation between accuracy in judging targets' affective states and accuracy in judging the same targets' personality traits. In two studies, we test the link between these two types of accuracy with the prediction that accuracy of judging traits and of judging states will be associated when fundamental affective qualities are shared.
In Study 1, affective states and personality traits of 29 targets were rated by 124 judges whose individual accuracy was scored as the correlation between their ratings and target criterion scores (across targets). In Study 2, a comparable analysis was done using 30 different targets and 330 different judges.
Accuracy in judging distressed affect was significantly positively correlated with accuracy in judging Neuroticism in both studies, as well as in a meta-analysis across the two studies. Accuracy in judging positive affect was significantly positively correlated with accuracy in judging Extraversion in one of the two studies, with the meta-analysis across the two studies being significant.
These findings provide preliminary evidence for a new model (State and Trait Accuracy Model) that outlines when concordance in accuracy across traits and states should be expected.
本研究关注判断目标情感状态的准确性与判断同一目标人格特质的准确性之间的关系。在两项研究中，我们通过预测来检验这两种准确性之间的联系，即当基本情感特质相同时，判断特质和判断状态的准确性将相关联。
在研究 1 中，由 124 名评判者对 29 名目标的情感状态和人格特质进行了评价，他们的个体准确性被评分作为他们的评价与目标标准分数（跨目标）之间的相关性。在研究 2 中，使用 30 个不同的目标和 330 个不同的评判者进行了类似的分析。
在两项研究中，判断苦恼情绪的准确性与判断神经质的准确性显著正相关，在两项研究的荟萃分析中也是如此。判断积极情绪的准确性与判断外向性的准确性在其中一项研究中显著正相关，在两项研究的荟萃分析中也是显著的。
这些发现为一个新的模型（状态和特质准确性模型）提供了初步证据，该模型概述了何时可以预期特质和状态准确性的一致性。
