Prentice A, Jarjou L M, Drury P J, Dewit O, Crawford M A
M.R.C. Dunn Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, England.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1989 May;8(4):486-90. doi: 10.1097/00005176-198905000-00011.
The influence of diet and maternal parity on the fatty acid composition of mature breast milk have been studied in 23 rural Gambian mothers. The subjects' habitual diet was low in fat (16% total energy), groundnuts (peanuts) constituting the principal fat source. The high abundance of oleic and linoleic acids in groundnut fat were reflected in the proportions of these fatty acids in breast milk (47.0 +/- 1.5 and 13.0 +/- 0.3 g/100 g fat, respectively), which were elevated compared with mothers in other African communities. Estimates of daily breast-milk fatty acid secretion indicated that there was little risk of essential fatty acid deficiency in Gambian infants. The proportions of fatty acids synthesized de novo (10:0, 12:0, 14:0) were less than expected from published studies of mothers consuming low-fat diets, averaging 16.8 +/- 1.4 g/100 g fat. As the study was conducted at a time of food shortage and high energy expenditure, it is argued that mobilisation of body fat during negative energy balance increased the availability of long-chain fatty acids to the breast. The proportion of endogenous fatty acids was markedly reduced in the milk of mothers of very high parity (parity 1 = 19.3 +/- 1.6 g/100 g fat; parities 10 + = 11.4 +/- 1.5 g/100 g fat; p less than 0.01). It is hypothesised that this represents an impairment of the ability to synthesise breast-milk fatty acids de novo in these mothers.
在23位冈比亚农村母亲中，研究了饮食和母亲生育次数对成熟母乳脂肪酸组成的影响。这些受试者的日常饮食脂肪含量较低（占总能量的16%），花生是主要的脂肪来源。母乳中油酸和亚油酸的高含量反映了花生脂肪中这些脂肪酸的比例（分别为47.0±1.5和13.0±0.3克/100克脂肪），与其他非洲社区的母亲相比有所升高。对每日母乳脂肪酸分泌量的估计表明，冈比亚婴儿基本不存在必需脂肪酸缺乏的风险。从头合成的脂肪酸（10:0、12:0、14:0）比例低于已发表的低脂饮食母亲研究中的预期，平均为16.8±1.4克/100克脂肪。由于该研究是在食物短缺和能量消耗高的时期进行的，有人认为负能量平衡期间身体脂肪的动员增加了长链脂肪酸向乳腺的供应。生育次数非常多的母亲的乳汁中内源性脂肪酸比例明显降低（生育1次 = 19.3±1.6克/100克脂肪；生育10次及以上 = 11.4±1.5克/100克脂肪；p<0.01）。据推测，这表明这些母亲从头合成母乳脂肪酸的能力受损。
