Caceres Billy A, Brody Abraham, Chyun Deborah
New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.
J Clin Nurs. 2016 Dec;25(23-24):3728-3742. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13415. Epub 2016 Aug 15.
The purpose of this paper is to provide recommendations to strengthen cardiovascular disease research with lesbian, gay and bisexual adults, and highlight implications for practice.
Lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals face significant discrimination that negatively impacts their health. Health disparities research in lesbian, gay and bisexual adults have focused on mental health, sexually transmitted infections and substance use. Although cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and many lesbian, gay and bisexual adults report increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease, there has been limited research in this area.
This paper is a critical review.
A literature search was conducted that compared cardiovascular disease risk and/or prevalence between lesbian, gay and bisexual and heterosexual adults.
Measures to assess cardiovascular disease risk factors and diagnoses varied widely across the 31 included studies. There was a lack of standardisation in definitions used for alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, mental health and self-rated physical health. Most studies that reported body mass index relied on participant self-report. Few studies included measures of physical activity and diet and those that did lacked standardisation. Only seven studies used laboratory data to establish diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.
This study is the first comprehensive review on this topic. In cardiovascular disease research with lesbian, gay and bisexual adults, there is a need for: (1) inclusion of stress as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, (2) standardised measures, (3) objective measures for determining the presence of cardiovascular disease, (4) data from electronic health records to strengthen the study of cardiovascular disease in this population.
Strengthening cardiovascular disease research in lesbian, gay and bisexual adults is an important step in addressing health disparities in this population. Nurses and other healthcare professionals should assess sexual orientation in routine health assessments.
本文旨在提供相关建议，以加强针对女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋成年人的心血管疾病研究，并强调其对实践的意义。
女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋者面临重大歧视，这对他们的健康产生负面影响。针对女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋成年人的健康差异研究主要集中在心理健康、性传播感染和药物使用方面。尽管心血管疾病是主要死因，且许多女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋成年人报告称心血管疾病风险因素增加，但该领域的研究仍然有限。
本文是一篇批判性综述。
进行了一项文献检索，比较女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋成年人与异性恋成年人之间的心血管疾病风险和/或患病率。
在纳入的31项研究中，评估心血管疾病风险因素和诊断的方法差异很大。在饮酒、非法药物使用、心理健康和自评身体健康的定义方面缺乏标准化。大多数报告体重指数的研究依赖于参与者的自我报告。很少有研究纳入身体活动和饮食测量指标，且这些研究缺乏标准化。只有7项研究使用实验室数据来确诊心血管疾病。
本研究是关于该主题的首次全面综述。在针对女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋成年人的心血管疾病研究中，需要：（1）将压力纳入心血管疾病的风险因素；（2）采用标准化测量方法；（3）采用客观测量方法来确定心血管疾病的存在；（4）利用电子健康记录数据加强对该人群心血管疾病的研究。
加强针对女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋成年人的心血管疾病研究是解决该人群健康差异的重要一步。护士和其他医疗保健专业人员应在常规健康评估中评估性取向。
