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应用颅刺激和硬脑膜刺激对尤卡坦微型猪的运动和体感诱发电位进行特征描述。

Characterization of Motor and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in the Yucatan Micropig Using Transcranial and Epidural Stimulation.

机构信息

1 The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.

2 Department of Pediatrics Critical Care, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.

出版信息

J Neurotrauma. 2017 Sep 15;34(18):2595-2608. doi: 10.1089/neu.2016.4511. Epub 2016 Nov 28.

Abstract

Yucatan micropigs have brain and spinal cord dimensions similar to humans and are useful for certain spinal cord injury (SCI) translational studies. Micropigs are readily trained in behavioral tasks, allowing consistent testing of locomotor loss and recovery. However, there has been little description of their motor and sensory pathway neurophysiology. We established methods to assess motor and sensory cortical evoked potentials in the anesthetized, uninjured state. We also evaluated epidurally evoked motor and sensory stimuli from the T6 and T9 levels, spanning the intended contusion injury epicenter. Response detection frequency, mean latency and amplitude values, and variability of evoked potentials were determined. Somatosensory evoked potentials were reliable and best detected during stimulation of peripheral nerve and epidural stimulation by referencing the lateral cortex to midline Fz. The most reliable hindlimb motor evoked potential (MEP) occurred in tibialis anterior. We found MEPs in forelimb muscles in response to thoracic epidural stimulation likely generated from propriospinal pathways. Cranially stimulated MEPs were easier to evoke in the upper limbs than in the hindlimbs. Autopsy studies revealed substantial variations in cortical morphology between animals. This electrophysiological study establishes that neurophysiological measures can be reliably obtained in micropigs in a time frame compatible with other experimental procedures, such as SCI and transplantation. It underscores the need to better understand the motor control pathways, including the corticospinal tract, to determine which therapeutics are suitable for testing in the pig model.

摘要

尤卡坦小型猪的大脑和脊髓尺寸与人类相似,可用于某些脊髓损伤 (SCI) 的转化研究。小型猪在行为任务中易于训练,允许对运动丧失和恢复进行一致的测试。然而,它们的运动和感觉通路神经生理学描述很少。我们建立了方法来评估麻醉状态下未受伤的大脑皮质和脊髓的诱发电位。我们还评估了 T6 和 T9 水平的硬膜外诱发的运动和感觉刺激,这些刺激跨越了预期的挫伤损伤中心。确定了诱发电位的检测频率、平均潜伏期和幅度值以及变异性。体感诱发电位在刺激外周神经和硬膜外刺激时最可靠,通过将外侧皮质参考到中线 Fz 来检测。最可靠的后肢运动诱发电位 (MEP) 发生在前胫骨肌。我们发现,对胸硬膜外刺激的前肢肌肉有 MEP,这可能是由固有脊髓途径产生的。颅刺激 MEP 在上肢比在下肢更容易引起。尸检研究表明,动物之间皮质形态存在很大差异。这项电生理研究表明,在与其他实验程序(如 SCI 和移植)兼容的时间范围内,可以在小型猪中可靠地获得神经生理测量结果。它强调了需要更好地了解运动控制途径,包括皮质脊髓束,以确定哪种治疗方法适合在猪模型中进行测试。

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