Le Dung Tien, Chu Ha Duc, Le Ngoc Quynh
National Key Laboratory of Plant and Cell Technology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricul-tural Science, Pham Van Dong Str., Hanoi, Vietnam.
Curr Genomics. 2016 Jun;17(3):220-9. doi: 10.2174/1389202917666160202215934.
Humans and animals are unable to synthesize essential amino acids such as branch chain amino acids methionine (Met), lysine (Lys) and tryptophan (Trp). Therefore, these amino acids need to be supplied through the diets. Several essential amino acids are deficient or completely lacking among crops used for human food and animal feed. For example, soybean is deficient in Met; Lys and Trp are lacking in maize. In this mini review, we will first summarize the roles of essential amino acids in animal nutrition. Next, we will address the question: "What are the amino acids deficient in various plants and their biosynthesis pathways?" And: "What approaches are being used to improve the availability of essential amino acids in plants?" The potential targets for metabolic engineering will also be discussed, including what has already been done and what remains to be tested.
人类和动物无法合成必需氨基酸，如支链氨基酸蛋氨酸（Met）、赖氨酸（Lys）和色氨酸（Trp）。因此，这些氨基酸需要通过饮食来提供。用于人类食品和动物饲料的作物中缺乏几种必需氨基酸，或者完全没有这些氨基酸。例如，大豆缺乏蛋氨酸；玉米缺乏赖氨酸和色氨酸。在本综述中，我们将首先总结必需氨基酸在动物营养中的作用。接下来，我们将探讨以下问题：“各种植物中缺乏哪些氨基酸及其生物合成途径是什么？”以及“目前正在采用哪些方法来提高植物中必需氨基酸的可利用性？”我们还将讨论代谢工程的潜在靶点，包括已经取得的成果和有待测试的内容。
