Singer M, Jakobson L S
Mem Cognit. 1989 May;17(3):265-73. doi: 10.3758/bf03198464.
The present study was designed to identify and examine some of the variables that influence the focused search of semantic cases in question answering. Singer, Parbery, and Jakobson (1988) have previously reported that people can focus on the case interrogated by a question and can largely disregard irrelevant cases. In the present study, people learned facts, such as the pilot painted the garage with the roller, the spraygun, and the brush. One day later, they answered questions that focused on a particular case. For example, the question did the pilot paint with a spraygun? focuses on the instrument case. Experiment 1 revealed that people can focus on a particular case in response both to complete questions and to comparable word probes, such as "pilot spraygun." Therefore, the given-new structure of questions is not essential to focused search. Experiment 2 revealed that people have a difficult time ignoring the agent case, even when it is irrelevant to the question. This corroborates proposals that agent and action information are closely interrelated in the representation of a fact. These results help to delineate the phenomenon of the focused search of semantic cases.
本研究旨在识别和考察一些影响问答中语义格聚焦搜索的变量。辛格、帕贝里和雅各布森（1988年）此前曾报告称，人们能够聚焦于问题所询问的格，并能在很大程度上忽略无关的格。在本研究中，人们学习了一些事实，比如飞行员用滚筒、喷枪和刷子给车库刷漆。一天后，他们回答聚焦于特定格的问题。例如，“飞行员用喷枪刷漆了吗？”这个问题聚焦于工具格。实验1表明，人们能够针对完整问题以及类似的词探测（如“飞行员 喷枪”）聚焦于特定的格。因此，问题的已知-新信息结构对于聚焦搜索并非必不可少。实验2表明，人们很难忽略施事格，即使它与问题无关。这证实了关于施事和动作信息在事实表征中密切相关的观点。这些结果有助于描绘语义格聚焦搜索的现象。
