Loaiza Vanessa M, Camos Valérie
Department of Psychology, University of Essex.
Department of Psychology, Fribourg Center for Cognition, University of Fribourg.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2018 Jun;44(6):863-881. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000475. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
Two main mechanisms, articulatory rehearsal and attentional refreshing, are argued to be involved in the maintenance of verbal information in working memory (WM). Whereas converging research has suggested that rehearsal promotes the phonological representations of memoranda in working memory, little is known about the representations that refreshing may promote. Not only would examining this question address this gap in the literature, but the investigation has profound implications for different theoretical proposals of how refreshing functions and on the relationships between WM and long-term memory (LTM). Accordingly, we tested predictions from 5 models regarding how refreshing may moderate the semantic representation of memoranda in verbal WM. This series of 4 experiments presented a cue word that was either semantically or phonologically related to a target during the recall phase of a complex span task. Experiment 1 established the benefit of semantic over phonological retrieval cues, and Experiment 2 established that this semantic benefit was specific to a refreshing-rather than a rehearsal-based maintenance strategy. Finally, we showed that this semantic benefit did not vary with the cognitive load of the concurrent task (Experiments 3 and 4) or the intention to learn the memoranda (Experiment 4). These results indicate that cue-based retrieval from episodic LTM may strongly contribute to semantic processing effects in WM recall, but this influence of episodic LTM is independent of the function of refreshing to reactivate memory traces. Accordingly, these results have strong implications for the functioning of refreshing and the links between WM and LTM. (PsycINFO Database Record
两种主要机制，即发音复述和注意刷新，被认为与工作记忆（WM）中言语信息的维持有关。虽然越来越多的研究表明复述能促进工作记忆中记忆内容的语音表征，但对于刷新可能促进的表征却知之甚少。不仅研究这个问题能填补文献中的这一空白，而且该调查对于刷新如何起作用以及工作记忆与长时记忆（LTM）之间关系的不同理论观点具有深远意义。因此，我们测试了5种模型关于刷新如何调节言语工作记忆中记忆内容语义表征的预测。这一系列4个实验在复杂广度任务的回忆阶段呈现了一个与目标在语义或语音上相关的提示词。实验1确立了语义检索线索优于语音检索线索的优势，实验2确立了这种语义优势特定于基于刷新而非复述的维持策略。最后，我们表明这种语义优势不会随并发任务的认知负荷（实验3和4）或学习记忆内容的意图（实验4）而变化。这些结果表明，从情景长时记忆中基于线索的检索可能对工作记忆回忆中的语义加工效应有很大贡献，但情景长时记忆的这种影响独立于刷新重新激活记忆痕迹的功能。因此，这些结果对刷新的功能以及工作记忆与长时记忆之间的联系有很强的启示意义。（PsycINFO数据库记录
