Rice Valerie, Liu Baoxia
Army Research Laboratory, Human Research & Engineering Directorate, Army Medical Department Field Element, Ft. Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
DCS Corporation, Alexandria, VA, USA.
Work. 2016 May 27;54(2):335-50. doi: 10.3233/WOR-162301.
U.S. military personnel face challenging situations including frequent deployments, family separations, and exposure to war. Identifying coping strategies used by the most resilient service members and veterans could positively influence military resiliency training programs.
The purposes of this paper are to investigate the relationship between coping and resilience among U.S. military active service members and veterans, to identify the coping strategies used by those considered most resilient, and to discuss coping and resilience as they relate to the workplace.
U.S. military active service members and veterans (N = 191) completed a demographic survey and two self-report questionnaires: The 14-Item Resilience Scale [1] and the Brief COPE [2].
Active duty service members had higher resilience scores than veterans (p < 0.05), but both fell into the moderate range. Coping strategies were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Active service members' resilience was predicted by their use of positive reframing and less use of self-blame as coping strategies, accounting for 52.3% of the variance (R2 = 0.523, F(2, 60) = 32.92, p = 0.000). Veterans' resilience was predicted by longer time-in-service, greater use of humor, and less use of self-blame as coping strategies, explaining 44.8% of the variance (R2 = 0.448, F(3, 116) = 31.408, p = 0.000).
This research identifies the positive coping strategies, and least-used negative coping strategies, of the U.S. service members and veterans in our study population with higher resilience scores. Incorporating this information into military- or veteran-based resilience training is likely to increase training effectiveness.
美国军事人员面临着诸多具有挑战性的情况，包括频繁部署、与家人分离以及接触战争。识别最具复原力的现役军人和退伍军人所采用的应对策略，可能会对军事复原力培训项目产生积极影响。
本文旨在研究美国现役军人和退伍军人应对方式与复原力之间的关系，识别那些被认为最具复原力的人所采用的应对策略，并探讨应对方式和复原力与工作场所的关系。
美国现役军人和退伍军人（N = 191）完成了一份人口统计学调查问卷以及两份自我报告问卷：14项复原力量表[1]和简易应对方式问卷[2]。
现役军人的复原力得分高于退伍军人（p < 0.05），但两者均处于中等范围。两组之间的应对策略没有显著差异（p > 0.05）。现役军人的复原力可通过他们采用积极重新评价以及较少使用自责作为应对策略来预测，这解释了52.3%的方差（R2 = 0.523，F(2, 60) = 32.92，p = 0.000）。退伍军人的复原力可通过服役时间更长、更多使用幽默以及较少使用自责作为应对策略来预测，解释了44.8%的方差（R2 = 0.448，F(3, 116) = 31.408，p = 0.000）。
本研究确定了我们研究人群中具有较高复原力得分的美国军人和退伍军人的积极应对策略以及最少使用的消极应对策略。将这些信息纳入基于军事人员或退伍军人的复原力培训中可能会提高培训效果。
