Gu Fang, Ding Gangqiang, Lou Xiaoming, Wang Xiaofeng, Mo Zhe, Zhu Wenming, Zhou Jinshui, Mao Guangming
Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399 Binshen Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399 Binshen Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2016 Jul;36:57-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.04.003. Epub 2016 Apr 6.
Thyroid diseases(TD) can be induced by either deficient or excessive iodine intake. Universal Salt Iodization(USI) program has been implemented in China since 1995, to prevent iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). To evaluate the current conditions of TD and the role of USI, a multi-stage stratified random sampling scheme was used to perform a cross-sectional survey on the incidence of TD among participants in 6600 households in Zhejiang Province, a coastal area in China. Iodine nutrition status of the population was assessed by dietary iodine intake recall and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of the participants, and TD were diagnosed by thyroid ultrasonography for 15122 participants and for 5873 participants by serum criteria for thyroid function(fT3, fT4, TSH, TRAb, TgAb, TPOAb; see Introduction for abbreviations). The median UIC of the surveyed population was 163μg iodine/L. From the participants 23.2% had UIC<100μg/L which is moderately iodine-deficient according to WHO classification. Diffuse goiter was present in 2.3% of the population and thyroid nodule in 20.9%. The incidence of hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, Graves' disease and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis was 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.6%, 7.8%, 0.2% and 0.3%, respectively. The proportion of several TD for participants with non-iodized salt intake was higher than that for participants with iodized salt intake.
甲状腺疾病（TD）可由碘摄入不足或过量引起。自1995年以来，中国已实施全民食盐加碘（USI）计划，以预防碘缺乏病（IDD）。为评估TD的现状以及USI的作用，采用多阶段分层随机抽样方案，对中国沿海地区浙江省6600户家庭的参与者进行了TD发病率的横断面调查。通过参与者的膳食碘摄入量回忆和尿碘浓度（UIC）评估人群的碘营养状况，对15122名参与者进行甲状腺超声检查诊断TD，对5873名参与者根据甲状腺功能血清标准（fT3、fT4、TSH、TRAb、TgAb、TPOAb；缩写见引言）进行诊断。被调查人群的UIC中位数为163μg碘/L。参与者中23.2%的人UIC<100μg/L，根据世界卫生组织分类，这属于中度碘缺乏。人群中弥漫性甲状腺肿的患病率为2.3%，甲状腺结节的患病率为20.9%。甲状腺功能亢进、亚临床甲状腺功能亢进、甲状腺功能减退、亚临床甲状腺功能减退、格雷夫斯病和慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎的发病率分别为0.5%、0.6%、0.6%、7.8%、0.2%和0.3%。未食用加碘盐的参与者中几种TD的比例高于食用加碘盐的参与者。
