Mitić Zorica S, Zlatković Bojan K, Jovanović Snežana Č, Stojanović Gordana S, Marin Petar D
Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia.
Chem Biodivers. 2016 Jul;13(7):931-42. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201500322. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
The chemical composition of epicuticular waxes of nine populations from three Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold subspecies (namely subsp. nigra, subsp. banatica (Borbás) Novák, and subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) from Southern Carpathians and central Balkan Peninsula were analyzed using GC/MS and GC/FID chromatography, and multivariate statistical techniques with respect to biogeography and taxonomy. In the needle waxes, four primary alcohols and 14 n-alkanes ranging from C21 to C33 were identified, and the most abundant compounds were the four odd-numbered n-alkanes C27 , C25 , C23 , and C29. Multivariate statistical analyses (CDA and CA) have shown existence of three P. nigra groups and suggested clinal differentiation as a mechanism of genetic variation across a geographic area: the first group consisted of the southernmost populations of subsp. pallasiana from Macedonia, the second consisted of the northernmost subsp. banatica populations from Romania, while all populations in Serbia described as three different subspecies (nigra, banatica, and pallasiana) formed the third group together with subsp. nigra population from Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to simple linear regression, geographic latitude and four bioclimatic parameters were moderately correlated with the contents of epicuticular wax compounds that are important in population discrimination, while stepwise multiple regression showed that latitude participated in most of the regression models for predicting the composition of the epicuticular waxes. These results agree with CDA and CA analysis, and confirmed the possibility of recognition of fine geographic differentiation of the analyzed P. nigra populations.
利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪（GC/MS）和气相色谱/氢火焰离子化检测器（GC/FID）色谱法以及多元统计技术，针对来自南喀尔巴阡山脉和巴尔干半岛中部的欧洲黑松（Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold）三个亚种（即黑松亚种、巴纳蒂卡松亚种（Borbás）诺瓦克和帕拉斯松亚种（Lamb.）霍尔姆博）的九个种群的表皮蜡质化学成分进行了分析，并涉及生物地理学和分类学方面。在针叶蜡质中，鉴定出了四种伯醇和14种碳数从C21到C33的正构烷烃，其中含量最丰富的化合物是四种奇数碳正构烷烃C27、C25、C23和C29。多元统计分析（判别分析和聚类分析）表明存在三个欧洲黑松种群组，并提出渐变群分化是地理区域内遗传变异的一种机制：第一组由来自马其顿的帕拉斯松亚种最南端种群组成，第二组由来自罗马尼亚的巴纳蒂卡松亚种最北端种群组成，而塞尔维亚所有被描述为三个不同亚种（黑松、巴纳蒂卡松和帕拉斯松）的种群与来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的黑松亚种种群共同构成了第三组。根据简单线性回归，地理纬度和四个生物气候参数与在种群鉴别中重要的表皮蜡质化合物含量呈中度相关，而逐步多元回归表明纬度参与了大多数用于预测表皮蜡质成分的回归模型。这些结果与判别分析和聚类分析结果一致，并证实了识别所分析的欧洲黑松种群细微地理分化的可能性。
