Olusanya B A, Ugalahi M O, Okoli C E, Baiyeroju A M
Afr J Med Med Sci. 2015 Sep;44(3):237-42.
The prevalence and burden of amblyopia in developing countries is probably underestimated, and little is known about the pattern of amblyopia in West Africa.
To determine the relative frequency and types of amblyopia among children with refractive errors seen in the eye clinic of a tertiary hospital over a 2 year period.
A cross-sectional study conducted at the eye clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between January 2012 and December 2013. Case notes of children with refractive errors seen during this period were retrieved and information including socio-demographic data, presenting visual acuity and visual acuity with correction were recorded. Amblyopia was defined as best corrected visual acuity worse than 6/9 or a difference of ≥ 2 Snellen chart lines between both eyes in the absence of any ocular pathology that could explain the visual impairment.
A total of 250 eligible patients who had refractive errors were included in the study. Visual acuity was corrected to 6/9 or better in 224 (89.6%) children while 26 (10.4%) of them had amblyopia. Among the 26 children with amblyopia, 21 (80.8%) children had amblyopia in both eyes and majority (65.4%) had iso-ametropic amblyopia. Of the 47 amblyopic eyes, 36 (76.6%) eyes had moderate amblyopia while 11 (23.4%) eyes had severe amblyopia.
There is a high relative frequency of amblyopia in this study and we recommend preschool eye examinations for all children to ensure early detection and management of amblyopia, thereby reducing the burden of amblyopia in our populace.
发展中国家弱视的患病率和负担可能被低估，而关于西非弱视模式的了解甚少。
确定在一家三级医院眼科诊所就诊的屈光不正儿童中弱视的相对频率和类型。
2012年1月至2013年12月在尼日利亚伊巴丹大学学院医院眼科诊所进行了一项横断面研究。检索该期间就诊的屈光不正儿童的病历，并记录包括社会人口统计学数据、就诊时视力和矫正视力等信息。弱视被定义为在没有任何可解释视力损害的眼部病变的情况下，最佳矫正视力低于6/9或两眼之间的斯内伦视力表行数差异≥2行。
共有250例符合条件的屈光不正患者纳入研究。224名（89.6%）儿童的视力矫正至6/9或更好，而其中26名（10.4%）患有弱视。在这26名弱视儿童中，21名（80.8%）儿童双眼弱视，大多数（65.4%）患有等屈光性弱视。在47只弱视眼中，36只（76.6%）为中度弱视，11只（23.4%）为重度弱视。
本研究中弱视的相对频率较高，我们建议对所有儿童进行学龄前眼部检查，以确保弱视的早期发现和治疗，从而减轻我国弱视的负担。
